One of the most important problems faced by utilities is starting heating. The risk of errors in an apartment building is, of course, higher than in a private one. But in each case, it arises mainly due to non-compliance with the rules. To avoid unpleasant situations when heating is connected, you need to follow the sequence of necessary actions.
When the heating season begins, it often happens that the heat is distributed unevenly on the top floors. This is due to the too quick start of the heating system, which forms air jams that interfere with uniform heating of all apartments in the house.
When the heating season ends, the system remains inactive, due to which the pressure in it drops. That is why the question of how to do the heating correctly, as well as its further adjustment in an apartment building, is a rather relevant question.
How to start heating without making mistakes in an apartment building
So, in order for the functioning of the heating system to be as efficient as possible, you must first start it correctly. For those who do not know how to properly and safely start heating in an apartment building, the scheme of actions is as follows:
- Carry out a slow start of the coolant into the system. Make-up pumps must be turned on at the lowest power so that filling occurs gradually.
- So that the order of actions is not violated, you need to fill the system through the return line. The bottom-up start system is suitable for all types of houses. With this type of operation, the coolant will smoothly displace the air that has accumulated during the entire period of inactivity of the system. By doing this, you can adjust the launch in such a way as to avoid air pockets.
- The next step is to get rid of the remaining air in the system. This is necessary so that the heating works correctly and there are no complaints about its malfunction for the entire subsequent season. This should be done in the attics of a multi-storey building, where the air collectors are located. On them, you need to lower the starting valve, waiting until the characteristic suite, which signals the absence of air, stops.
- Continuing to connect the system, you need to remove water from the system, finally getting rid of the remaining air. This must be done very carefully, using any container, so as not to flood the residents of the upper floors.
- If the house does not have an attic, the water must be drained on the top floor using Mayevsky's tap. The system is started only after this action.
Heat supply shutdown procedure
The consumption of resources is carried out on a paid basis in accordance with the agreement between the RNO and the owner of the dwelling. If one of the parties fails to comply with the terms of the agreement, the victim has the right to initiate the restoration of the violated interests.
In the absence of payments within two consecutive months, the company has the authority to go to court for enforced debt collection. Turning off heating during the heating season is not authorized. Moreover, the organization is obliged to comply with the procedure set forth in the PP No. 354.
The procedure for the PCO when the heating is turned off
When they can write off debts on housing and communal services.
Turning off the heat must have legal grounds and be carried out within the framework of the approved regulations. If there is a debt, the supplier sends a notice to the consumer about the formation of arrears and the need to pay.Notification takes place 20 days in advance, after which there will be a limitation of the supply of heat, namely, a decrease in the temperature of the water in the batteries (see paragraph 119, paragraph a) of PP 354).
The notice is delivered to the defaulter against receipt or sent by Russian post. Typically, vendors include a similar message on their payment slip.
Notification of a citizen about the presence of debt is allowed by calling, SMS, through his personal account. In other words, in any way, due to which it is possible to confirm the receipt of information by the owner.
Within 20 days after the notification is sent, a limitation in the heating of radiators is applied. After 10 days, the RNO has the right to deactivate the service (see clause 119, subparagraph c) of PP 354).
For your information: the resumption of the supply of heating occurs 48 hours after the payment of the debt or the settlement of the situation with the RNO using another method. For example, obtaining a decision on an installment plan or deferred payment.
Drawing up an act on disconnection from central heating
Refusal from central heating is carried out by the employees of the RNO with the preparation of a corresponding act.
The following information is written in the document:
- date of work;
- full name form of the owner of the premises, including address and personal account;
- indication of the method of de-energizing;
- information from metering devices for hot water supply - No. and readings;
- grounds;
- period.
The paper is formed in three copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment.
The certificate of disconnection from central heating is a sample.
Can the heating be turned off in one apartment
Turning off heating for non-payment in one apartment is fraught with difficulties. There is a risk that the rest of the MKD residents may face incorrect operation of the system. In this case, a failure occurs in the hydraulic network, leading to a violation of heat distribution.
For the period from 2017-2020. Russian citizens are increasingly considering the option of abandoning the central heating system. Such procedures are already being carried out, but legally, which requires a complex process. Actions for the transition to an autonomous heat supply are not allowed in all cases.
Ways to correctly connect the required heating radiators in an apartment building
If the heating is done correctly, the house is warm and comfortable. To achieve this, you need the correct connection of the radiators. There are many schemes for this action:
- parallel connection;
- diagonal;
- one-pipe;
- one-pipe with a jumper;
- one-pipe bottom;
- one-pipe bottom with a jumper or a tap;
- two-pipe;
- two-pipe bottom;
- two-pipe diagonal.
Despite the abundance of radiator connection diagrams, in practice, one-pipe and two-pipe connections are used. In order to know how to set up, and then start heating in an apartment building, you need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The first connection method has several disadvantages, although it is less expensive. The main one is heat loss along the way. In this case, water is supplied from the basement to all floors vertically, enters each of the apartment's radiators, and, when cooled, enters the same pipe. Ultimately, almost cold water reaches the last floor, causing discontent among residents in the house.
As for the two-pipe heating system, it can be open and closed. However, in any case, the level of heat retention is an order of magnitude higher than with a single-pipe scheme. This effect is achieved by the fact that the cooled water no longer enters the pipe, but leaves through the return channel. This keeps the order of supplying a constant temperature.
Illegal heating shutdown
If the heating is unlawful, then the debtor, if there are grounds, has the opportunity to challenge the supplier's actions.In the absence of legitimate reasons, the defaulter is obliged to pay the debt or submit an application for an installment plan. After that, documents are submitted to the name of the supplier's manager with a receipt attached and an application for connection.
Where to complain about unauthorized heat cut-off
If the heating was unlawfully turned off, then you should complain to the supervisory authorities:
- state inspection;
- the prosecutor's office;
- court.
In the application, indicate the reason for drawing up the claim, the circumstances of the case with a description of the offenses.
In order for the complaint to be accepted for consideration, the following documents must be attached:
- photocopy of the property certificate;
- a certificate from the brownie magazine about the composition of the family;
- if a person with disabilities lives in the apartment - attach information about the disabled person.
The letter is handed over personally to the supervisory authority or sent by Russian post. Additionally, you can use the official website of government agencies - Gosuslugi.
The punishment for illegal interruption of heat supply in winter is penalties. If turning off the heating caused moral or material damage, then these losses are included in the cost of the claim. For compensation, you must apply to the court.
Samples of claims to regulatory authorities
In order to complain about the RNO to the supervisory authorities, it is necessary to draw up a letter.
Below you can download samples for each instance:
- Application form to the Criminal Code for violation of the standard temperature in a hot riser or batteries.
- The claim to the GZI about the poor quality provision of heat energy.
- A complaint to the heating prosecutor's office.
Illegal heat cut-off litigation
Turning off the heating for non-payment during the heating season entails legal consequences for RNO or UK. Therefore, if the conditions for submitting a resource are violated, the owner of the premises has the right to refuse payment and demand a recalculation.
Low temperature conditions in batteries are grounds for non-fulfillment of the contract. In a residential area in winter, a temperature of at least +18 degrees must be maintained (Section VI of Appendix No. 1 PP 354). Otherwise, the owner may complain to the name of the head of the service provider organization.
If the problem is not resolved, it is allowed to write a refusal to pay for services, followed by an appeal to the judicial authorities. RSO bears a similar responsibility for compliance with the pressure norms in the systems.
A statement of claim to the court about the lack of heat or non-compliance with standards (sample)
If the supplier refuses to comply with the order of the court, the owners of the MKD have the right to reapply to the authorities.
In such a situation, the head of the RNO is threatened with prosecution under the Code of Administrative Offenses or the Criminal Code of Russia:
- Both the GZI and the court have the right to punish a negligent organization. On the fact of offenses in the field of heat supply (Article 7.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation) or arbitrariness (Article 19.1), sanctions are imposed in the amount of up to 1000 rubles. for an official and 10,000 rubles for a company -.
- As measures under the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, utility companies for unauthorized shutdown of heating are provided with a fine of up to 200,000 rubles, and in especially difficult situations - imprisonment up to 5 years (Article 330 of the Criminal Code of Russia).
Form with an example of an application for the recalculation of money for heat supply.
How the heating level is adjusted in an apartment building
To adjust the heating system properly, pipes of different diameters are installed in an apartment building. The speed and pressure of the liquid together with steam, and, accordingly, the level of heat is directly related to the dimensions of the pipe opening. That is why, in order to ensure that the adjustment is carried out correctly, pipes of different diameters are used. The maximum size of 100 mm is located in basements. It is with them that the connection of the heating system begins.As for the entrances, for even distribution of heat, pipes are installed there, the diameter of which does not exceed 50-76 mm. However, this adjustment does not always give the desired heating effect. Residents of the last floors of the house suffer from this, where the temperature is significantly lowering. To regulate this process, use the start of the hydraulic heating system. This is the connection of the circulating vacuum pumps, which enables the automatic pressure control system to start. Installation, as well as subsequent start-up is carried out in the collector of a separate building. Accordingly, the order of heating distribution on entrances, floors in the house changes. If the number of floors is more than two, then it is mandatory to start the system together with pumping for water circulation.
What is needed in order to carry out the correct connection of the heating system.
Requirements for the order of starting and correct operation of the heating system are regulated by the project documentation. To adjust the heat supply in an apartment building correctly, it is made in accordance with the requirements of this documentation. All radiators of the heating system have thermostats, thermal meters, balancing valves for manual as well as automatic start and control. Regulation of radiators does not require a special tool, it is made by the residents themselves. As for the start-up and adjustment of other types, they are made directly by professionals in this field. At the same time, the most efficient operation of the radiators is achieved, and, accordingly, the heating system itself as a whole.
Thus, in order to know exactly how to regulate the heating, as well as to carry out an even supply of heat in an apartment building, many details must be taken into account.
What does the law say?
According to the rules prescribed in Resolution 354 Chapter III [1], each user has the right to familiarize himself with the terms of the contract for the provision of these services by the organization. Also, a citizen should note the presence of such mandatory items as:
- the date of the conclusion of the contract;
- a list of all provided utilities, the corresponding cost;
- the period during which it was agreed to provide the organization with these utilities;
- information on the volume and quality of public services provided to the citizen.
Also, the contract must spell out the rights of the organization and the citizen, their joint obligations.
