The rocket stove can be made independently using ordinary steel. The rocket stove is widely known throughout as a long-burning solid fuel heating structure. To achieve maximum efficiency, I had to work hard. A liquid fuel stove is capable of giving up all its energy, but wood is more difficult to process. To reveal the full potential of wood, a chamber for post-combustion of gases was equipped in jet furnaces.
The principle of operation of the long-burning rocket furnace
The Shirokov-Khramtsov rocket or jet furnace got its name not because of its connection with space. The point is in the shape of the device and the noise that is created during operation, reminiscent of the operation of a rocket. But this sound indicates that the oven is being used incorrectly.
Types of long burning rocket furnaces:
- Portable (mobile);
- Stationary (for heating).
The most popular rocket model is the Robinson. It is often used on hikes. Thanks to the small portable apparatus, you can understand the principle of operation of the jet furnaces. The shape of the oven resembles the letter "L".
If the stove makes too much noise and hums during operation, then such a mode is ineffective and expensive. Normally, there should be a quiet sound, a little rustling.
The reactive furnace has a receiving hopper. This is the horizontal part of the pipe. In the channel itself, a thrust arises, it is this that affects the intensity of combustion, which heats the body. That is why it is advised to limit the oxygen supply. Otherwise, the wood will quickly burn out and all the heat will evaporate.
A long-burning rocket furnace is often used to heat garages and utility rooms.
The furnace operates on a jet draft due to the natural flow of hot air. The higher the temperature of the furnace walls, the better the wood burns. This allows you to quickly heat water in a large container, which is indispensable for a road trip. If you equip the pipe with thermal insulation, then after warming up, thick logs can be burned.
Stationary furnace version
For the manufacture of this type of rocket furnace, it must be equipped with a special cap in order to retain heat and heat the room. Also, such stoves are often equipped with a warm stove bench, which creates additional comfort and a source of heat.
The system is a wide bed, inside of which the air heated in the oven passes. The oven itself, as a rule, is located at one of the ends of the stove bench.
For making a stationary rocket furnace at home, it is important to pay attention to the lining of the top of the tube. This is necessary in order to insulate the braziers from the walls of the oven, to avoid overheating. Fireclay bricks are perfect for lining.
Do-it-yourself rocket furnace: advantages, drawings, disadvantages
The conventional furnace design can be improved if desired. So the potbelly stove loses a lot of heat, but by equipping the device with a water circuit or brickwork, you can solve these problems. For all these manipulations, drawings are made.
Advantages of jet furnaces:
- Simple and budget-friendly design. You can use materials at hand, without significant financial costs. All work can be done by hand, special knowledge and skills are not required.
- You can independently control the combustion by choosing the desired intensity.
- High efficiency. In general, it all depends on the quality of the installation. The main thing is to take the maximum energy from the flue gases.
But such a simple and convenient design also has significant drawbacks. So you need to select a special fuel for the stove. Do not use damp wood, otherwise pyrolysis will not occur.The firebox may start to smoke profusely, and all gases will go into the house. In addition, the rocket furnace requires increased safety requirements.
The most popular portable model is the Robinson rocket furnace. It was modified and a grate was added.
Homemade jet ovens are not used to heat the bath. They are ineffective in infrared light, which plays an important role in the steam room. Surface structures have a small heating area, so they cannot heat the bath.
About the rocket stove in the bath
Reactive wood stove with lounger
A lot, probably, were interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet furnace in a bath? It would seem possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.
In reality, such a design is not suitable for a bath. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the final, the oven must be a hotbed of convection and heat radiation (IR). This is the problem - convection is clearly distributed in the rocket furnace, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.
Furnace the rocket with your hands
Drawings of a jet furnace from a gas cylinder and other types
Long burning stoves are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile ovens are used in hikes, picnics, in nature for heating and cooking. Stationary ones are used to heat a house, outbuildings, greenhouses, and a garage. At the same time, 4 types of structures are distinguished.
Types of jet furnaces:
- Homemade camping stove made of metal pipes, buckets, cans;
- Reactive design from a gas cylinder;
- Brick oven with a metal container;
- Stove with a stove bench.
Drawings of a jet furnace from a gas cylinder can be downloaded on the Internet or made by hand
The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.
A device from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but it significantly increases efficiency. For the installation of the structure, a barrel or gas cylinder is required. The firewood in the firebox burns out due to the oxygen inflow by loading through a special window.
Gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by insulating the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. The combustion products are removed through the chimney.
To create a draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.
The combined brick and metal model is a stationary structure. Due to its high heat capacity, the wood-burning stove stores and releases heat for several hours. That is why living quarters are heated with such a design.
The rocket unit with a stove bench is an improved device that is able to retain heat for longer. Since some of the heat comes out through the chimney, its length was increased. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger chimney, this problem was solved.
This is how massive stoves with a stove bench are obtained, which are similar to a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the oven is able to retain heat overnight.
Principle of operation
The operation of this oven is based on two basic principles:
- Direct combustion - the free flow of fuel gases through the furnace channels without being impelled by the draft created by the chimney.
- Afterburning of flue gases emitted during wood burning (pyrolysis)
A rocket stove can be fired with secondary materials, tree scraps and almost anything potentially burning, since almost only carbon dioxide and water vapor are released at the exit from the furnace due to high combustion temperatures in the furnace itself.The long chimney ensures complete cooling, which can result in water escaping. With the correct design of this furnace, the fuel should burn only in the lower part, gradually settling.
The simultaneous use of the rocket oven for cooking and heating the room makes it versatile.
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Diy drawings of the Ognivo stove and other models
It is best to make small portable structures with your own hands: the Ognivo and Robinson rocket. It is easy to perform the calculation, and the work will require trimming shaped pipes and metal welding skills. The dimensions may differ from the drawing, this is not a problem. It is important to respect the proportions.
To increase the intensity of combustion, it is advised to add improvised nozzles to the structure. Secondary combustion air will be supplied there.
Stationary rocket ovens are made from a gas cylinder or metal barrel. These elements serve as a body. Inside, the stove is equipped with smaller pipes or fireclay bricks. From a cylinder, you can make both a stationary unit and a mobile one.
Continuous combustion furnace diagram:
- Chimney;
- Cap;
- Insulation;
- Loading hopper;
- Combustion zone;
- Afterburning zone.
The Ognevo stove can be bought in a specialized store at a fairly reasonable price.
It can be difficult to calculate a rocket furnace, because there is no exact method. Pay attention to verified finished drawings. It is necessary to determine the size of the heating equipment for a particular room.
Assembling a jet furnace with your own hands for heating
The construction of the furnace begins with preparatory work. First you need to decide on the place of construction. It is chosen based on the requirements that relate to solid fuel structures: wood or coal.
When the place has been decided, it is necessary to properly prepare it for construction. The wooden floor under the stove is being dismantled. They dig a small pit and tamp the bottom.
In a small room, a jet oven is placed in the corner. The loading hopper occupies one side and the lounger the other.
The barrel or cylinder must also be prepared for installation. To do this, the lid and the tap are cut off from them. Then the structure is cleaned. Next, a solution is prepared.
Stages of construction of a jet furnace with a stove bench:
- The bottom of the dug hole is laid out with fireclay bricks. Formwork is made along the contour of the recess. Reinforcement is performed.
- The base is laid out and poured with concrete. A day later, when the concrete hardens, further work begins.
- The base of the stove is laid out of fireclay bricks. Raise the side walls, make the lower channel.
- The combustion chamber is covered with bricks. There are two holes on the sides. One is for the firebox, the second is for the vertical pipe (riser).
- The metal body is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal channel of the stove will flow. All cables must be airtight and well sealed.
- A side outlet is attached to the horizontal pipe, which serves as an ash pan.
- A fire tube is made of bricks. As a rule, it is square.
- The flame tube is equipped with a casing. The gaps are covered with perlite.
- Installation of the cap is done from the cut off part of the barrel or cylinder. It is equipped with a handle.
- Equip the furnace body with brick or stone.
- Equip the front of the oven. Lay out the required contour.
- A prepared barrel is placed on the base. The lower part must be sealed with clay.
- With the help of a corrugated pipe, a channel is formed that connects the firebox with the street.
- The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe.
- Install a chimney. All elements must be sealed using asbestos cord and refractory coating.
To properly assemble a jet furnace with your own hands, you should first watch the training video and study the recommendations of specialists
Next, you should give the stove the shape of a couch. The external chimney is equipped with a fire and tar trap. When all materials are dry, the design can be tested.
Improved rocket furnace with water circuit
A long burning boiler can be obtained by equipping the stove with a water jacket. Heating water may not be effective enough. The fact is that the bulk of the warm air enters the room and containers on the hobs. To create a rocket cauldron, you must abandon the possibility of cooking on the stove.
Materials required for equipping a stove with a water circuit:
- Fireclay bricks and mortar;
- Steel pipe (diameter 7 cm);
- Barrel or cylinder;
- Insulation;
- Sheet steel and a barrel with a smaller diameter than the hull to create a water jacket;
- Chimney (diameter 10 cm);
- Details for the heat accumulator (tank, pipes, connecting pipe).
A characteristic feature of rocket furnaces with a water circuit is that the insulation of the vertical part ensures the combustion of pyrolysis gases. In this case, warm air is directed into a coil with a water circuit and gives off heat to the stove. Even when all the fuel has burned out, warm air will still be supplied to the heating circuit.
Rocket furnace from cylinders
First of all, the material must be chosen heat-resistant, the size must be selected to the size of the oven. For these purposes, a propane cylinder of 50 liters, with a diameter of 300 mm, is perfect. For the combustion of any fuel, this volume will be the most suitable, while absolutely not hampering the work. A vertical pipe is installed above the firebox, which creates a reactive effect. When burning, gases are pushed out through the chimney with a characteristic sound. To make a furnace, the first step is to remove the top of the cylinder to form a hole. It must be closed with a metal circle, which plays the role of a hob.
