Installation of water heaters of different types, fastening, connection, diagrams

Water heaters differ in the energy resources with which they heat water. In everyday life, two types are most often used: electric and gas water heaters. If you are replacing a water heater, then install with the same energy carrier that was already there, so as not to make new additional devices. Change from electric to electric, and gas to gas. Installing a gas water heater will be more difficult in terms of coordination with the relevant services, like any gas appliance. But operating costs are much cheaper, for the reason that gas is cheaper than electricity.

Gas water heater - column

What is a gas water heater

Gas water heater

A gas column is called a device that heats water due to the combustion of gas. The fuel is natural or liquefied gas.

Instantaneous water heaters are used in homes where there is no hot water supply. Due to the cost of the fuel consumed, these devices are much cheaper than those powered by electricity.

Advantages and disadvantages

In houses with low-power wiring, water can only be heated with a column, since a kitchen boiler cannot be installed in them. Such units are used in Khrushchev and Stalin buildings. There are models that can be lit with matches, temperature controlled or electronically controlled.

The advantages of the device are as follows:

• quickly heats up a large volume of water;
• the dimensions of the device are small, so it will not take up much space;
• hot water can be obtained immediately after turning on the column;
• relative economy of use, but it all depends on the cost of fuel.

A large number of installation requirements are due to the risk of disaster if misused.

Among the disadvantages are:

• the risk of fire or explosion, although most modern units are equipped with protection systems;
• the need for good ventilation, as can be poisoned by carbon monoxide;
• inability to install in the bathroom;
• the need to coordinate the installation with the water supply and gas service.

Modern technologies make it possible to obtain the most efficient devices, while maintaining the reliability of the unit and all components involved in the system.

Device and inner coating

There are two factors that negative impact for the boiler design:

• hard water;
• corrosion.

To protect equipment from these factors, manufacturers use different materials to cover it. Most often used:

• stainless steel;
• titanium coating;
• glass porcelain.

The protective coating extends the service life of the gas boiler. At the moment, the most popular among consumers are installations with glass porcelain coating. They have a lower cost. However, such units have one drawback. It consists in the fact that with a sharp change in temperature on the surface of these products cracks appear... Of course, you can use the heater in a gentle mode and not heat it up to critical temperatures. However, sometimes it will still be necessary to heat the water to a high temperature.

Manufacturers give a 1-year warranty for appliances coated with glass porcelain. For boilers covered with two other materials, it is 10 years. Both stainless steel and titanium spraying have one thing in common - they provide long-term protection against corrosive processes.This is the reason for the high price for gas heaters coated with such materials.

However, they also have one drawback that you should be aware of. During the operation of boilers vulnerability arises at the welding site. And stainless steel, in contact with water, gives the latter an unpleasant taste, which can be felt when brushing your teeth. But, we note that in recent years, no such complaints have been received from consumers using such equipment. Manufacturers, releasing modern models of heaters, strive to eliminate all the negative points that may arise during their use. To do this, they use modern technologies, and in addition, they use more advanced units to create boilers.

To provide boilers with additional corrosion protection, some companies use a magnesium anode. During the operation of the equipment, it should be replaced regularly - once every 12 months.

Technical requirements and operation

There are clear regulations regarding the installation of water heaters. Violation of the rules will lead to the fact that the gas will be turned off. You can count on its inclusion only after correcting all the shortcomings. Then a check is carried out and a permit for installation is issued. Manipulations should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate certificates. Gas can be connected only with permission, so it is important to issue them on time.

The requirements for installing a gas water heater in an apartment are as follows:

• The size of the kitchen must be at least 8 square meters. m.
• It is important that non-combustible materials are used for the walls and masking panels.
• The ceiling is over two meters high.
• The diameter of the ventilation opening is at least 120 mm.
• Pipes up to 2.5 m long and 13 mm in diameter.
• Gas pipes must hang freely or be masked with an opening box. They cannot be walled up, since free access is needed.
• The gas shut-off valve should be located next to the heater and have a yellow handle.
• Chimney pipe made of steel or galvanized, its thickness is not less than 1mm.
• There should be a door in the room.

The device is operated according to the following rules:

• Gas devices are put on the balance sheet and checked once a year.
• There are models that are not serviced by gas workers. In this case, you need to contact the service center and call a specialist.
• When buying devices with a closed combustion chamber, the chimney does not need to be installed, but more attention should be paid to ventilation.

If the kitchen is combined with living rooms, then it is illegal to use gas appliances in this case.

Which gas boiler to choose?

Those people who decided to purchase a gas boiler to eliminate the shortage of hot water naturally wonder which installation to choose. To answer it, you first need to decide on the type of boiler and its type. Having familiarized themselves with the advantages of storage and flow-through gas boilers, everyone can make the right choice.
If we talk about the gas boiler in general, then in front of his electric brother he has certain advantages... One of the most significant is the low price. However, installations for heating water powered by electricity also have their advantages:

• they are safer during operation;
• no chimney is needed when using them.

If you decide that a gas boiler is more suitable for you, then you need to choose the right manufacturer. Currently on the market are offered installations of the following brands:

• Ariston - the company is the market leader in water heaters. The equipment manufactured by this manufacturer is distinguished by its reliability and long service life;
• Electrolux is another well-known boiler manufacturer.When choosing water heaters from this company, you should remember that the gas installation should be serviced every two years;
• Termex - this company produces good models that differ in their reasonable price;
• Gorenje - the company has established itself as a manufacturer of reliable gas boilers;
• Edisson - this company produces boilers that are inexpensive and at the same time have a long service life;
• BAXI - inexpensive boilers of good quality, distinguished by their original design.

Installation algorithm and what is required for this

Construction installation diagram

It is possible to install a gas water heater only after collecting documentation and obtaining all permits.

If the model changes, you should:

1. Purchase a device from a manufacturer who can confirm its quality with certificates.
2. Take in the housing office the schemes of the gas and water supply system, which will indicate the place of the future location of the device.
3. Go to the gas service with a statement to replace the unit, but the installation location must remain the same. It is also necessary to provide an application for the repair of water and gas pipelines.
4. The gas service will carry out all the work and issue documentation confirming that the equipment meets the requirements and has been put into operation.

If they replace not only the device itself, but also rearrange it to another place:

1. Change the scheme of gas, water and air outlet.
2. They take an act from the fire inspection, which will confirm that the chimney is in good condition.
3. The transfer project is ordered from GORGAZ or certified organizations. For apartment buildings, a redevelopment permit will be required, which is obtained from the city administration.
4. With all the documents, they once again apply to the gas service, whose specialists will install and connect the device, and launch it for the first time.

After that I will seal the meter and issue the commissioning documents.

At the first installation, if gas has not yet been supplied to the house, you will have to build a gas supply line. This is an expensive procedure, therefore solid fuel boilers are more often chosen for a private house.

If there are many apartments in the building, then the developer, housing office or owners supply gas. After collecting all permits and documents, construction and installation work is carried out and put into operation. Then they conclude an agreement on gas supply.

Boiler installation

Advantages and disadvantages of water heaters with dry heating elements

Gas storage water heaters, boilers are most often installed in private houses, in specially equipped boiler rooms. The volume of a gas boiler can be from 20 to 200 liters. The biggest advantage of a boiler over a gas water heater is that you can get a large amount of water at once and supply it to different points. It is clear that the larger the volume of the boiler, the more water can be heated.

Gas boilers operate at any gas and water pressure. If you have low water or gas pressure, then you only need to buy a boiler.

Compared to an electric boiler, water in such a boiler heats up twice as fast. But a prerequisite is the presence of a chimney.

Storage gas water heater - boiler

The gas connection diagram to the boiler is the same as to the gas water heater. A shut-off valve and a filter are installed in front of the water heater to prevent impurities from entering the burner. If the boiler runs on liquefied gas, then a reducer is installed to normalize the pressure.

The most important thing to remember when installing and repairing a gas water heater is about increased safety measures.

List of required documents

To install a gas instantaneous water heater, it is important to collect a number of documents:

1. Evidence will be required to prove that the person is the owner of the home and pays taxes.
2. You need to allow the processing of personal information.
3. Present a gas passport and a letter confirming that the contract for work has been concluded.
4. Indicate which devices in the house are operated with gas.
5. Show passport to gas meter.

You also need to make a copy of the page of the gasification project with the appropriate stamps.

What to look for

The gas boiler must be installed and then inspected by a gas service specialist. A professional will check whether all work was carried out correctly, whether the installation features were followed. If everything is correct, then the specialist will issue a conclusion, which will serve as the basis for opening the valve. It will be important to pressurize the heating system, while the pressure must be maintained within 1.8 atmospheres. You can find this indicator by looking at the equipment pressure gauge.

At this time, a person checks whether all joints and joints are tight. The system must be free of air. You should not mix water with antifreeze, and if the equipment uses security systems and automation in its operation, which involves the connection of electricity, then an electric current should be supplied.

Types of columns and boilers for apartments and a private house

Flow device

Gas heaters are flow-through and storage. But gas boilers are rarely given preference, since they are not so convenient, are expensive and take up a lot of space in the room. They are recommended to be installed with too weak gas supply.

Therefore, most often, flow-through gas heaters are installed in apartments. Modern models are equipped with an open or closed combustion chamber. The first option is more secure, therefore it requires fewer documents during installation.

Such units are used in houses in which there is no chimney. If you need to replace the old device with a new one, all checks have already been carried out and the condition of the gas supply and chimney meets the standards, it is recommended to buy devices with a closed combustion chamber.

Manufacturers offer devices with different types of power:

• 17-20 kW. They are suitable for one-room apartments with one occupant. But, if you take a bath, then there is not enough water to wash the dishes.
• 20-26 kW. This power is enough for four people. The devices allow you to get 15 liters of water.
• 26-28 kW. They are suitable for private houses and apartments on two levels.

Before buying a device for heating water, it is advisable to weigh all the pros and cons, calculate how much water is needed to choose a device with sufficient power. This will avoid re-purchase and installation of the device.

Recommendations for the selection of water heaters

Gas boilers are hazardous in use. Therefore, it is extremely responsible to approach the task of their choice.
If you have planned to purchase a gas water heater, but in your home aboutthere is no chimney, then it is worth choosing from installations equipped with a closed-type chamber or equipped with a turbo exhaust. It is forbidden to install hybrid-coaxial chimneys in closed rooms. They are usually installed in boiler rooms or utility rooms with an efficient ventilation system.

When choosing gas equipment for heating water, attention should also be paid to its power. It is optimal to buy a device that has less than two units of the power / performance ratio.

The most important thing when choosing gas equipment is safety. Before purchasing the selected device, you should make sure that it is has overheating protection and dry running. You also need to check that the boiler has draft and pressure sensors.

When heaters are not allowed to connect

In some cases, the use of gas water heaters is prohibited. This applies to:

• One-room apartments in which the living room is combined with the kitchen.
• Living rooms, bathrooms or loggias. Heaters must not be used in these rooms.
• The length of the water and gas hoses is more than 2.5 m.
• Walls adjacent to the living room. You cannot hang a column on them.
• Premises with missing ventilation slots.

It is important to remember that spontaneous installation of gas equipment entails administrative and criminal liability, the amount of which is determined depending on the consequences.

Thanks to the columns, you can enjoy water at a comfortable temperature regardless of the season. Although strict requirements apply to the installation, this is necessary in order to avoid disaster. Therefore, it is better to immediately carry out the procedure in accordance with all the rules and avoid additional costs for moving the column and reconnecting the gas.

Option A installation of a storage water heater

Step 1: attaching the heater

Step-by-step instructions for installing a storage water heater are simple and doable:

1. On the selected wall, mark the place for fixing the unit. Using a tape measure, measure the distance between the holes of the anchors of the device;
2. Place the holes on the wall. Using a punch, drill holes (2 or 4, depending on the design);
3. Insert dowels and hammer or tighten the hooks.

An important note for fixing the device: you need to measure the distance from the holes in the anchors to the highest point of the device. To put it on hooks, the same distance on the wall must be observed: from the dowels to the ceiling, plus a small margin

Step 2: connecting the appliance to the water supply

When the device is already mounted on the wall, you can start connecting the water heater. The simplest and easiest conditions for the implementation of this procedure are when the connection points are displayed. It remains only to connect them to the inlet and outlet of the device by means of pipes or flexible hoses. The tightness of the connection by means of flexible hoses is ensured by a rubber sealing gasket. The inlet of cold water to the heating device is marked in blue and it is on it that a special valve is installed, which allows you to relieve excess pressure. For convenient maintenance, it is recommended to install an additional T-piece in front of the shut-off valve and connect it. In the future, it will allow you to drain water from the tank. It is important to ensure tightness - to wind fum tape or threads with paste on all the places where the connections were made.

Standard connection diagram of a storage water heater:

The hot water outlet on the appliance is marked in red. It must be connected to a hot water tap. After that, open the cold and hot water valves, wait until all the air comes out of the hot water tap and water flows out. Simultaneously monitor whether there are any leaks at the joints.

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Step 3: wiring the power supply

The next stage is to connect the water heater to the power supply, where the method is determined only by the preferences of the new owner of the water heater. The contacts on the terminals of the device are marked as follows:

• A - phase (brown wire);
• N - zero (blue wire color);
• Grounding (yellow or any other color in the 3-wire cable).

After connection, voltage must be applied. As a result, the activity indicator light on the device will turn on. Then, according to the manufacturer's instructions, you need to adjust the temperature regime. The storage type water heater is installed and ready for use.