What should be the pressure in the water supply pipes - calculation rules

Inhabitants of high-rise buildings more than once faced a situation when a frail trickle of water flows from an open water tap.

This happens from a lack of pressure in the pipeline.

What pressure of water in the water supply system of an apartment building should be so that, regardless of the number of open taps, the use of the benefits of civilization is comfortable for each of its inhabitants?

Pressure rate of the water supply network

The potable water supply system (as the builders call our water supply network that delivers water to the apartment) is designed based on the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84.
It says: for different points of the network, their own standard pressure level is assigned.

The pressure in the water supply system of the upper floors depends on the level at which the pressure in the network at the entrance to the house is maintained.

This parameter depends on the number of floors. If the building is one-story, then at the inlet the water pressure in the network must be at least 10 m. Art. or 1.0197 atm. This means that the pressure in the pipe is sufficient to raise the water to a height of 10 meters. In multi-storey buildings, for each subsequent floor, another 4 m should be added. Art. For example, in a 5-storey building, the water pressure at the entrance to the building should be 10 + 4x4 = 26 m. Art. If the resulting figure is translated into atmospheres, the result will be as follows:

(26:10) x 1.0197 = 2.65 atm

However, the above figure is not a boundary, but a calculated one. According to the standards in force in Russia, the pressure at the entrance to the house of 4 atm is considered normal for a centralized water supply system. (approximately, 40 m h. Art.).

Insufficient pressure at the tap is a situation encountered by many. If this happens often, you need to correct the situation. The water pressure boosting station is an irreplaceable assistant for your comfort.

You can find a DIY check valve guide here.

The bailer is a simple and very useful borehole cleaning device. Here https://aquacomm.ru/cancliz/mnogokvartirnyie-doma/santehnika/obratnyj-klapan-svoimi-rukami.html you will find instructions on how to make it with your own hands, and you will also learn how to drill a well using this tool.

Deviations

Now let's turn to the problems and their solutions.

Centralized water supply

1. Who is to blame and what to do if there is no pressure in the city water supply system?

This problem can be caused by:

• Insufficient performance or insufficient pressure at the outlet of pumping stations, mounted without taking into account the further development of the microdistrict;

The pumping station must cope with peaks in water flow

• Pumping station malfunction;

Let's clarify: the pressure boosting pumps must be backed up in case one of them fails. However, the installation of a backup pump is possible only with sufficient funding, with which problems often arise with large arrears of rent and utility bills.

• Overgrowth of deposits and / or rust on steel and (to a lesser extent) cast-iron main water pipelines.

Deposits over time reduce the clearance of steel pipes

None of these problems can be fixed by a homeowner with his own hands. A simple instruction will help speed up the work of specialized organizations: every time you do not have water at the peaks of water intake (usually in the morning and in the evening), call the emergency service and draw up an act indicating the current pressure in the cold water system at home.

1. How to measure the current pressure on the cold water supply?

The water pressure gauge in the water supply system is usually located in the water meter assembly.

Water meter with pressure gauge after meter

If it is necessary to take a measurement on a riser, a laboratory pressure gauge is screwed instead of a plug or into the thread of the vent.

1. What can you do yourself if there is no pressure in the water supply system of an apartment building?

Check if the valves on your connections and cold water riser are fully open. Check the water meter and make sure the valves or ball valves are not covered. If you have coarse filters on the liners, open them and rinse the nets.

A clogged filter can limit the flow of the water supply

Often the reason for the drop in pressure on the riser or cold water supply is debris accumulated in a narrow place in the water supply - under the seat of the screw valve. For cleaning, it is enough to unscrew the valve head (of course, after turning off the water) and remove scale, rust and sand with a screwdriver or any other suitable object.

Narrow spots in an overgrown riser or bottling can be indicated by the characteristic hiss of water during water intake. Cooperating with your neighbors, you can replace the riser from the filling to the upper floor, without waiting for the house to be overhauled.

Complete or partial replacement of risers will solve the problem of low head due to deposits in steel pipes

1. How to lower the pressure in the taps?

And in this case, it all depends on what kind of problem you want to solve:

• If you are worried that as the pressure increases, the water consumption increases - teach family members not to open the taps completely, or, if this is problematic, install needle throttles on the connections to each mixer, allowing you to forcibly limit the flow;

1/2 Inch Needle Choke Valve

• If you are afraid that the water supply system itself may be damaged by a high pressure, the pressure reduction will be ensured by the reducer installed at the inlet;

Reducer at the water supply inlet

• If increased pressure is dangerous for individual plumbing fixtures, filters or household appliances, the same gearboxes are installed on their connections.

Piston reducer device

Autonomous water supply

1. How to ensure an increase in pressure in the water supply system of a private house?

It all depends on the symptoms of the problem you are having:

• If you observe short-term drops in pressure during active water intake through several taps, a capacious accumulator connected to any point of the water supply system will save the situation. Within the limits of its effective capacity, it compensates for the excess of the flow rate over the water flow rate. Do not forget to install a check valve on the water supply inlet, which will not allow water from the membrane tank to drain back into the water supply line;

In the photo - a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply system

• How to increase a consistently low head? This can be achieved only by installing a storage tank for water and a pumping station. A tank installed in a basement or other room with a year-round positive temperature creates a supply of water for the time of its peak consumption; a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator provides an acceptable head in the water supply system.

How to create additional pressure? By pumping water from the storage tank

1. How to reduce the pressure drop in the water supply system of a private house between the moments when the pump is turned on and off?

By adjusting the pressure switch for the water supply system - by reducing the pressure at which the pump turns off, or by increasing the threshold for turning it on. In the second case, do not forget to raise the pumping pressure of the accumulator to the appropriate value. Please note that this will start the pump more often, which will significantly reduce its service life.

Reliable and quiet pressure switches for DAB water systems allow you to set the pump on and off pressure in the range of 10-90 meters

Exact numbers for regulatory documents

SNiP 2.04.02-84 stipulates the maximum allowable free water pressure at the entrance to the apartment: it should not be higher than 6 atm.

That is, if you live in a 22-storey building, the pressure at the inlet to it will be at least 9.4 atm, but when the pipeline enters the apartment, this parameter should be reduced to 6 atm.

Moreover, there are norms for the free pressure of water for each type of plumbing fixture:

• 0.2 atm - for a washbasin with a mixer, a toilet with a flush cistern;
• 0.3 atm - for baths and shower cabins with a mixer.

The maximum pressure of hot water in the area of ​​plumbing fixtures should not exceed 4.5 atm.

The above values ​​are valid not only for a centralized water supply network, but also for autonomous water supply.

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1. The Technical Regulations of the Customs Union 032/2013 "On the safety of equipment operating under excess pressure" contain the following definitions of "working" and "design" pressure:

«working pressure»- the maximum overpressure that occurs during the normal course of the work process;

«design pressure"- the pressure to which the strength calculation equipment; ".

Similar definitions of "working" and "design" pressure, but in a more expanded form, are given in GOST 34233.1-2017 "Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. General requirements":

"6.1 Under working pressure for a vessel and apparatus, the maximum internal overpressure or external pressure should be understood, emerging during normal workflow, without taking into account the hydrostatic pressure of the medium and the permissible short-term pressure increase during the operation of the safety valve or other safety devices.

6.2 Under design pressure in working conditions, it should be understood the pressure at which the strength calculation.

The design pressure for a vessel or apparatus is taken (assigned), as a rule, equal to or higher than the working pressure.

When assigning the design pressure, it is necessary to take into account the instability of the processed media and the technological process.

The need to exceed the design pressure over the worker is determined taking into account the purpose of the vessel or apparatus, the conditions of its operation and the presence of safety devices.

If a safety device is installed on the vessel or in the supply pipeline to the vessel, limiting the pressure in the vessel, then when determining the design pressure, a short-term excess of the working pressure within 10% is not taken into account.

If there are two or more hermetically separated spaces in a vessel or apparatus, the design pressure values ​​are assigned for each of the spaces separately.

When designing a vessel or changing operating parameters during reconstruction, the design pressure for a vessel or apparatus must either be specified by the customer or be determined by the organization performing the calculation of the vessel.

If a vessel or apparatus operates in two or more modes, the design pressure is assigned for each mode separately. "

2. According to paragraph 1 of GOST 14202-69 “Pipelines of industrial enterprises. Identification coloring, warning signs and marking plates ", identification coloring is designed to" quickly identify the content of pipelines and facilitate the management of production processes, as well as ensure labor safety ", that is, it is necessary in the regime daily operation of the pipeline.

3. The above is confirmed in paragraph 14 of GOST 14202-69, which states:

"fourteen. According to the degree of danger to life and health of people or the operation of the enterprise, substances transported through pipelines (in daily use — approx.), should be subdivided into three groups, indicated by the corresponding number of warning rings in accordance with Table 3 ".

Taking into account the above, in the corresponding columns of table 3 of GOST 14202-69, the values worker pressure and working temperature.

Answer to question number 2

Note to table 3 GOST 14202-69 states:

"Note. For substances hazardous by properties or combination propertiesnot included in this table, hazard groups should be installed by harmonization from bodies Gosgortekhnadzor (currently - Rostekhnadzor - approx.)».

How much pressure is sufficient for full consumption?

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Most apartment building residents use water in a very predictable manner. They periodically take a shower, wash the dishes daily, wash their faces and turn on the washing machine several times a week. To ensure these manipulations, it is enough to have a pressure (pressure) of 2 atm in the water supply system. If a massage shower or jacuzzi is installed in the bathroom, they will work only at a pressure of at least 4 atm.

Excessively high pressure in the network leads to rapid wear or irreversible destruction of ceramic mixers and sanitary equipment.

Some features of autonomous water pipes

The source of autonomous water supply is a well or a well.

In both cases, water is supplied to the pipeline by means of pumps. It is this unit that creates the pressure in the pipes necessary to deliver water to consumers - taps, washing machines or dishwashers, etc.

However, not only its power and performance affect the level of free head in the water supply system. Well debit plays an important role in this issue.

If there is not enough water in the source, the pump will not be able to provide the required pressure in the network immediately after it is turned on. In the case of an excessive amount of water in the well, there is a risk of a significant increase in pressure, which can lead to various types of accidents - leaks, taps failure, etc.

In the first case, the homeowner has to take measures to increase the water pressure in the water supply system, in the second - to choose the right pump performance so that it plays the role of a kind of limiter.

Where to go in case of interruptions?

If the fact of insufficient pressure is recorded, not related to equipment problems or clogging of the communication system, the user can contact governing body with a written statement.

There necessary:

1. provide reliable information about poor performance of the normative service;
2. insist on recalculation unused service;
3. indicate the need for concrete actions to eliminate deficiencies in the functioning of the water supply.

The application is considered within 30 days.

In case of non-fulfillment of the submitted claims, the user has the right to contact oversight body, which is usually the department of the city administration for housing and communal services, or in court.

How to increase the water pressure in the water supply system

A decrease in pressure in the pipeline can occur for several reasons:

1. Gusts on the city highway. Engineering networks in most cities are of a very venerable age, so water leakage on the way to the consumer is not uncommon. The owner of the apartment cannot eliminate this reason, so it remains to rely on the city authorities.
2. "Overgrown" pipes of the in-house water supply system. In old houses, a huge amount of precipitation is deposited on the inner surface of pipes, as a result of which their throughput is significantly reduced. It is easy to fix this problem: you just need to replace the risers and wiring inside the apartment.

What should be done if the plumbing system is unable to provide the normal level of free head? There is only one way out in this case - to install pumping equipment in the apartment.

Water pressure pump

The pumping station, which is used by the owners of private houses, is hardly suitable here:

• Firstly, it is not allowed to install such equipment on a centralized water supply system without special approvals. And the neighbors are unlikely to agree to this - they will definitely remain completely without water.
• Secondly, pumping stations are large-sized equipment, and it is very problematic to install them in an apartment. And if we add the strapping to this, it becomes clear that such a unit will not work for an average apartment.

But not everything is so gloomy - manufacturers of pumping equipment produce booster pumps designed specifically for the "apartment" installation.

How to understand who is to blame for a bad pressure?

Possible reasons for insufficient pressure in the water supply system are:

• clogging inside the mixers, as well as in water filters;
• failure of mixers;
• fouling of pipes from the inside by bloom;
• breakage of the filter element inside the gas column, if it is used in the apartment.

In these cases, the tenant himself is responsible for the poor pressure in the pipeline, since the decrease in pressure was caused by a breakdown or clogging of devices that are located within his own apartment.

This property will be considered personal. The tenant will have to independently clean the filters and mixers or completely replace them.

He will also have to replace individual pipeline sections in the apartment on his own, if they are badly damaged by lime. Also, if the filter element in the gas water heater breaks down, the resident will have to repair the device with his own means.

It is recommended to pre-check all faucets with filters in the dwelling.... If necessary, you can gently tap the pipes with a hammer to get rid of excess lime inside them. Also, if there is a gas column, it is recommended to check the filter element inside it.

If the cause is not faucets with filters, as well as the piping inside the apartment, then it is necessary to check the connection of pipes in the entire plumbing system.

It is recommended to check the condition of the riser and all equipment installed in the basement of the house. To do this, you will need to contact the Criminal Code. It may also be necessary to check the pumping station.

Pump classification

Pumps that increase the pressure of water in the water supply system, intended for use in an apartment, is a small device installed at the inlet of the pipeline to an apartment. Almost all pumps can operate in two modes:

• manual;
• automatic.

Automated pumps to increase pressure turn on independently when opening any of the existing taps in the apartment. The flow sensor provides this function. It is triggered by the movement of water in the water supply system. Pumps equipped with such sensors are protected against burnout during dry operation.

Automated booster pump

Booster pumps, according to the principle of operation of the cooling system, are classified as follows:

• Dry rotor: The rotor has an impeller mounted on it, which injects air onto the motor housing. The efficiency of such models is high, but their operation is accompanied by noise.
• Wet rotor: water flows through the pump, cooling the motor. The main advantage of such pumps is their quiet operation.

Some models of booster centrifugal pumps are designed only for hot or cold water.

What are regulated

The procedure for regulating the parameters of water supply systems in low-rise and high-rise apartment buildings belongs to the construction sector and is described in the rules and regulations developed by the USSR State Construction Committee in 1985 and further supplemented.The short name of the document is SNIP 2.04.01-85, it characterizes the organization of internal water supply and sewerage systems in residential and administrative buildings of various storeys.

In an apartment building

The peculiarities of organizing the supply of cold and hot water to buildings are associated with the selection of the correct pressure values ​​at the connection point and the arrangement of the piping system in order to ensure normal flow in the upper part of the house and eliminate excess pressure in the basement and on the ground floors. The uniform flow of water in the pipes along the entire height of the building is ensured by additional regulation.

Water supply scheme in an apartment building

You can correctly calculate the water supply scheme based on the following indicators:

• the height of the floor and their number in the building: if the height of the ceilings deviates from the standard 4 m, the calculation should be carried out taking into account the actual parameters;
• the minimum pressure for structures of this type: for residential buildings - 1 atm., special requirements apply to production and storage facilities;
• additional information on planned excess consumption, for example, the location of the pool on the basement floor.

As a result of calculations of the inlet pressure and its distribution along the height, requirements are obtained for the organization of pipelines, their diameters and means of adjustment to ensure the standard values ​​of the inlet flow.

In a private house

Water supply scheme in a private house

Optimal pressure distribution in a low-rise private house is an easier task than designing a pipeline system in a high-rise building. The calculation is done when laying the foundation. If the building is higher than 20 m and the water supply is planned to be organized along the entire height, it is necessary to calculate the consumption by analogy with the design of a multi-storey building.

If, in addition to household consumption, it is planned to build a bath with a swimming pool or to operate an automatic irrigation device, the additional water consumption for these purposes should be taken into account.

Water pressure pump in the water supply system

The most popular among apartment owners are pumps of the brand:

• Comfort: efficient and economical devices. Pumps of this brand belong to the category of universal ones - they can be installed on hot and cold water. The body of the product is made of stainless steel. There are seven modifications, differing from each other in the size of the design head (from 8 to 10 m) and throughput (nominal - from 8 to 12 l / min, maximum - from 20 to 30 l / min);
• WILO: domestic pumps of European class, excellent quality, versatile. Vilo pumps are equipped with a flow sensor, the motor cooling system is a “wet rotor”. They are designed for a maximum head of 9 to 20 m and a capacity of 2.4 to 35 l / min (depending on the model);

The UNIPUMP pump also received good reviews. It features a small assembly length, which makes it easy to install.

What pressure can a seamless steel pipe withstand?

Seamless steel pipes are widely used for the installation of water pipes and other highways. This popularity is primarily due to the high pressures that these products can withstand. Distinguish between hot-rolled and cold-worked pipes.

The ultimate pressure of a seamless steel pipe is determined by the formula: P = (2 x S xT) / (DxSF), where P is the fluid pressure; T is the wall thickness in inches; D is the outer diameter of the pipe (inch); SF is the safety factor; S is the safety margin of the metal.

The value depends on the following criteria:

• wall thickness, which can be from 2.5 to 75 mm;
• outer diameter (20–550 mm);
• method of production;
• metal grades, or rather, from the permissible stress in steel during hydraulic testing.

According to the conditions of GOST 8731-74, each pipe is subjected to hydraulic tests at pressures up to 20 MPa (more than 200 atmospheres).

How to reduce the pressure of water in the plumbing

Too high pressure in the pipeline can lead to destruction of pipes and failure of household appliances.

Everyone knows the terrible word "water hammer", as a result of which taps begin to drip, fistulas appear on the pipe, etc.

To protect the intra-apartment water supply network from such troubles, you can use a small device - a water pressure reducer.

Domestic appliances are set to an inlet pressure of max. 60 bar. At the outlet, the reducer can maintain a pressure of 0.5 to 6 bar.

The water pressure regulator in the water supply system can be installed at the water supply inlet to the apartment or in front of household appliances - a boiler, washing machine and other devices that do not tolerate high pressure.

What is a pipeline

Let's talk about what these structures are and what elements are included in the system.

System elements

A pipeline is a structure designed to move gases, liquids or bulk solids.

The structure is a continuous network of the following elements:

• pipes,
• fasteners,
• seals,
• automation equipment,
• shut-off and control valves,
• supports,
• gaskets,
• control and measuring devices,
• pendants,
• connecting parts,
• anti-corrosion elements,
• other necessary materials.

Of the connecting parts are used:

• bends,
• fitting,
• tees,
• transitions,
• stubs,
• adapter rings.

Connecting elements

The main mission of fittings is to connect elements, including such important places as slopes, bends, bends, fluctuations in the diameter of pipes, as well as in situations where the use of the network is suspended. The connection of parts is carried out mainly by butt welding.

What are pipelines for?

The lion's share (about 2/3 of the parts) of the total length of pipelines in our country is highways. They are transport for oil and gas to places of consumption or processing (production facilities, ports, etc.). After processing, the products are also sent to consumers via trunk systems. In Russia, the total length of such structures is more than 200 thousand kilometers. The remaining third of the pipelines are of the technological type. They transport liquid, gas, steam in finished form or as semi-finished products, raw materials. Such nets are equipped with fire-fighting and protective devices against the effects on the body and the nature of harmful substances.

The parameters and quality of the products used in the construction of pipelines are confirmed by means of passports and certificates by the manufacturing plant, of course, if you do not purchase stolen or homemade goods.

It is worth paying attention! The color of the pipes varies and depends on what is transported through them. So, for example, gas lines are yellow, drinking water is green, and technical is black. The communications along which the steam moves are painted in red tones.

Classification

What is high pressure or low pressure piping? What is the difference?

To begin with, let's recall what kind of pipelines are, in principle, by the type of transported substances?

• gas pipelines: air,
• oxygen,
• chlorine,
• acetylene,
• ammonia;

water pipes;

acid pipelines;

gas lines;

steam pipelines;

brine pipelines;

alkaline conduits;

oil pipelines;

oil pipelines.

Substances following communications, in turn, vary in aggressiveness and are divided into the following groups:

• slightly aggressive or non-aggressive, leading to the appearance of corrosion inside the system during the year at a rate of up to 0.1 mm;
• medium aggressiveness, provoking corrosion with an annual rate of 0.1-0.5 mm;
• highly aggressive, when corrosion occurs faster than average.

The calculation of the pipeline wall thickness and the choice of the system material depends not only on the pressure, but also on the aggressiveness of the transported products. To carry out communications along which medium-aggressive substances will move, elements of carbon steel with a thick wall are used to protect the network from failure due to rust (the standard is up to 0.5 mm per year). If highly aggressive products are transported through communications, then the best materials for such lines are high-alloy steel and non-ferrous metal. You can also choose bimetallic elements and not even metal (at the suggestion of a professional). The main thing is that the material is resistant to corrosion or rusts slowly.

And now the classification by pipeline pressure (in 1kgf / cm²):

• gravity (networks operating without excess pressure);
• vacuum (up to 1);
• low (1-15);
• medium (16-100);
• high (over 100).

This is important to know! Tapping into the pipeline under pressure should be carried out by the appropriate services, craftsmen who have special permission for such work.

This is what main pipes look like

How to find out the pressure

Accurate information about the pressure in the pipeline is required when designing a pressure normalization system. To do this, a water pressure gauge is installed to measure the water pressure in the water supply system and readings are taken from it within a week.

This is done at least 4 times a day: at night and in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. Based on the results obtained, the maximum and minimum values ​​are determined and compared with the regulatory requirements. Based on the result obtained, the optimal method of increasing the pressure is selected.

You have probably encountered such a problem as noise in water pipes. Many people try not to pay attention to this, but in fact this problem needs to be solved. Why water pipes are buzzing and how to diagnose and fix a malfunction, read on.

We will analyze the methods of replacing the gasket in the tap in this topic.

How to identify the culprit of a bad pressure?

First of all, the low provision of water supply reveals following problems:

1. The possibility of layering on the pipe walls is not excluded limescale... This will require a fairly simple but effective "old-fashioned way" of cleaning with an ordinary plumbing cable or light tapping of communications;
2. Check mixers and water filters... They can be inoperative or clogged with salt deposits and create additional conditions for lowering the pressure level;

In this case, you will need to replace or repair the settings.

3. In the case of a weak pressure of hot water coming through the gas column, you should clean the radiator or replace the installed filter.

If the indicated reasons do not affect the limitation of the water flow, the result of poor pressure may be:

• obstruction of water passage, flaws in the risers;
• equipment difficulties in the basement at the points of connection with the main communication;
• unprofessional editing water pipes;
• weak pressure levelcoming from the pumping station.

With such shortcomings, the user has the right to contact instancesresponsible for the uninterrupted process of water supply.

For complete confidence, you can ask your neighbors about the degree of water pressure in their apartments.

Causes of weak pressure in pipes

A number of cases have been registered, due to which the water pressure may decrease in any type of pipeline.

• The presence of a large blockage in the cross-section of the pipeline, sludge and other deposits build-up. Over time, the lumen of the pipes decreases, respectively, and the pressure may drop.
• Accident at the pumping station. With improperly functioning equipment, there may be some problems with the rate of water supply to homes. This may be accompanied by a decrease in pressure or its complete absence for a long time.
• There is no electricity. The pumping station operates from the mains, therefore, when it is turned off, there is a decrease in water supply to apartment and private houses.
• Leakage formation. If there is a loss of resource in the line leading to the house, this significantly affects the pressure. Under such circumstances, the head is reduced and the water can flow in a thin stream.
• Increased water intake. This problem occurs in late spring, summer and autumn. Most of the population is gardening, making preparations for the winter. For many, fruits grow right on the house plot, even in multi-storey residential areas.

Residents can only endure interruptions in the water supply. In the best case, you can write a collective letter to an organization that provides water supply services. A prerequisite for this is the requirement to regularly measure the water pressure in the pipeline.

City and private pipeline pressure

According to GOST, the pressure in the water supply network should be 4 bar

Optimization of pressure in the city water supply system is impossible, in addition, accurate information about the pressure force is not currently provided. If the line complies with the established GOST, the pressure will be 4 bar. However, this figure often drops to the level of 2.5-2.7 bar. Therefore, water consumption can be kept to a minimum.

In a private (autonomous) water supply system, the water pressure is calculated individually. It depends on the type of plumbing chosen, as well as the resistance indicator when the resource passes through the pipes from the source. The selected pumping equipment plays a huge role. The optimal indicator in the private sector is a pressure of 1.5-2 bar. You can check this with a pressure gauge.

Features of autonomous water supply systems

The autonomous system is not connected to the mains of the water utility, independent water production is organized from underground layers through the well. At the same time, the pressure is lower than in the water utility, and in the absence of the necessary pressure, the distribution of the flow for household needs and watering the plants on the site can become a problem. You can ensure an even flow of water using the recommendations:

• take into account the need for water resources from the well for technical needs, including watering the garden;
• install a pump that guarantees a pressure of at least 3-4 atm. in the supply pipe;
• control the pressure level in order to respond in a timely manner to its decrease.

Responsibility for the operation of a privately owned well rests with the owner.

At what values ​​does the technique function normally

The rate of water supply in the water supply network must ensure the smooth functioning of plumbing and household appliances that consume water. Most devices are designed for a minimum design pressure of 0.2 atm. However, for high-quality operation, more head is required.

Household appliances require the following indicators:

• for washing machines, the optimal pressure is 2 bars, although they can operate at lower values ​​due to special valves;
• the operability of dishwashing machines is ensured when water enters the system with an effort of at least 1.5 bar.

Specific requirements for water supply can be found in the description of household appliances, the manufacturer may set higher standards for the incoming flow. The minimum requirements for the water supply are made by classic plumbing - 0.2 atmospheres is enough for the toilet and faucets in the sink.

For full consumption

If the water pressure in the tap is normal, most household plumbing fixtures will function normally, even if the pressure slightly exceeds the lower limit of the standard. At the same time, normal operation and a long service life of complex equipment can only be ensured at the following values:

• jacuzzi and hot tub - from 2 bars;
• watering system - 3.5 bar.

The concept of full-fledged consumption involves the simultaneous connection of all plumbing and appliances.

This is possible if the total head is 2 atm. and higher. Stable operation will be ensured at values ​​from 4 bar.

Danger of overly strong feed

If the pressure exceeds the operating pressure, mechanical stress may appear in the water supply system at the joints of the pipes and in the places where household appliances are connected, as a result of which ruptures and leaks are possible. You can protect the equipment from the negative effects of excess pressure by installing pressure regulators. Additional measures are required if the flow rate in the supply system is unstable, there are sudden surges and pressure drops.