To create a comfortable temperature in a small room, such as a garage or outbuilding, you do not need to run to the store for a heater. You can get by with minimal expenses if you build a sawdust oven with your own hands. For its construction, you can use the materials at hand. It is able to provide a warm microclimate on an area of 50 m² at a minimum cost of resources.
The sawdust oven will be a profitable invention
general information
Long-burning designs have certain differences from conventional furnaces. But the principle by which they work is the same. It consists in the generation of thermal energy during the pyrolysis process - the impact on wood with a small amount of oxygen under high-temperature conditions. As a result, a situation arises when the fuel (sawdust or wood chips) does not burn, but simply smolders. This keeps the number of downloads to a minimum.
The main product generated during the operation of the furnace is hot gas. It contains: methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. Thanks to it, the walls of the structure are heated, from which heat is transferred to the ambient air in the room. The result is a comfortable atmosphere.
More details on how to make the stove burning 24 hours on one load:
Main characteristics
A long-burning wood chip stove is a completely independent equipment, effective for heating rooms of a small area.
To use it, you can use a variety of solid fuels:
- Firewood.
- Coal.
- Sawdust.
Their cost is low and affordable for everyone. For this reason, it is these types that are usually loaded into the ignition systems of these installations. To create a smoldering process, the sawdust must be carefully tamped. This is necessary to keep the amount of air between the particles to a minimum.
In a conventional stove, the combustion process is intense with a large amount of oxygen. In this case, heat is released in a large volume. As a result, the consumption of firewood increases markedly. As a result, you have to resort to additional fuel loading. In this case, there is no saving of resources. Excess heat will simply go through the chimney. If the object is heated with the help of a long burning structure, then the thermal energy arises as a result of the smoldering process.
How to make an economical long burning stove:
DIY installation features
During installation, you need to pay attention to a number of factors:
- It is necessary to install the chimney in such a way that the fastening of each element is carried out towards the direction of movement of the burnt gases. In addition, the chimney must be located comfortably enough to be cleaned if necessary.
- Before assembling a long-burning furnace on sawdust with your own hands, you need to find a suitable place for its installation. As is the case with any heating equipment, there should be no combustible objects, electrical appliances and other objects near the stove that are not sensitive to high temperatures.
- Before using the stove, it is advisable to test it in different operating modes in order to find the best option suitable for specific operating conditions.
Installation device
Such equipment includes a special shutter. With its help, the dosing of air entering the combustion chamber is carried out. When sawdust smolders, flue gas is generated and a large amount of heat is generated.
There are two types of long-burning equipment:
- The first involves the rise of the furnace gas during the combustion of fuel upwards through the compressed sawdust with subsequent ingress into the chimney.
- Its other type differs in that the gas, as it rises, turns out to be in the external circuit. It is there that it cools down, after which it is disposed of through the same chimney.
A typical long-burning furnace model includes a specific set of components. Thanks to them, efficient heating and fuel economy are provided.
The most significant in its composition are:
- Fuel tank. It is equipped with a damper with which it is possible to regulate the flow of primary air into the ignition chamber.
- Afterburner chambers. They have holes through which secondary air enters the firebox.
- Chimney.
Thanks to these features of the device, the process of smoldering sawdust is ensured. When creating the installation, the option with top loading of fuel is optimal, which provides ease of use.
Furnace device
In addition to the fact that such stoves are used to heat a house, they are used in garages, greenhouses, warehouses and apartments. The standard model consists of several basic elements:
- a cast-iron (steel) barrel, the upper part of which is cut off, and a special hole is made in the lid;
- channel and branch pipes welded to the cover;
- two pipes: the purpose of the first is to supply oxygen, and the second to remove smoke; the diameter of the pipes is on average 100-150 mm.
Principle of operation
It should be noted that the heat in the sawdust oven is not released during combustion, but because of the smoldering of briquettes. One load of such fuel is enough for about 10 hours of smoldering. The oven is equipped with a special regulator that allows you to easily meter the volume of air inside it.
After the sawdust enters the firebox, almost all openings are closed to ensure a minimum air flow. When briquettes smolder, gas is released, which professionals call "furnace" gas. It is this gas that generates a fairly large amount of heat due to combustion in the ignition chamber.
Features of use
In order to load fuel into the design of the heater, it is necessary to remove the cover and the pressure ring together with the pipe. Sawdust should be poured to the bottom to the level of the chimney. After that, tamping must be performed. Twigs should be laid on top of the fuel, and paper on them.
Next, a clamping circle is installed on top, and then the structure is closed with a lid. When the combustion process starts, the air damper closes. The oven can then be safely left for 6 hours. After this time, the next fuel loading is performed.
Furnace drawing:
When the process of smoldering sawdust is started, it is forbidden to throw in the next portion ahead of time. Until complete combustion has taken place, it is impossible to fill in new fuel. If this recommendation is disregarded, the combustion force may increase or decrease. In this case, the process of heat generation will also change. Combustion starts at the bottom of the equipment and gradually spreads to the sides. As the sawdust burns out, they will sink to the bottom.
Diy drawing for making a sawdust oven
Certain requirements are imposed on the fuel used in such equipment. The main thing is to ensure thorough pressing of the sawdust in the combustion chamber. During the manufacture of the installation, its dimensions are selected with an orientation to the time of fuel smoldering. If you load sawdust into a stove with a diameter of 30 cm, then the need to add a new portion will not arise for 6 hours. The amount of heat generated during combustion is largely determined by such equipment parameters as:
- Stove depth.
- Diameter of the structure.
If the article is tall and narrow, the combustion will be faster compared to the article, which has a large diameter. In such a design, the process will be longer, and the amount of heat generated will be greater.
Homemade portable sawdust oven
Homemade products will be useful for those who have access to sawdust. These can be various woodworking enterprises located nearby. Or, perhaps, sawdust accumulates in someone's own workshop. Sawdust is an excellent fuel, moreover, they are light and compact, which makes this type of fuel one of the most popular for hiking trips.
The article will consider an example of creating a small furnace that runs on sawdust. You can use it to cook or warm up food, taking it with you on a hike. If there is a desire, then the homemade product can be "enlarged" for use for other purposes, for example, for heating.
Materials and tools for creating a furnace: - a tin can with a wide lid; - sawdust; - polypropylene pipe (or other cylindrical object; - pliers; - steel wire; - piece of tin; - scissors (for cutting tin).
Furnace manufacturing process:
Step one. Furnace body
The oven itself is very simple in design and can be manufactured very quickly. The bottom line is that a hole is made in the bottom of the can. Thanks to this hole, air will enter the furnace, as a result of which the sawdust will burn. The larger the hole, the faster the fuel will burn. If you try a little, the homemade product can be equipped with a small flap installed on the blower. So it will be possible to regulate the intensity of combustion.
The author makes a hole diameter of about 20 mm.
Step two. Filling the stove with fuel
Now you need to put sawdust in the oven. For these purposes, you will need a cylindrical rod, in diameter it should be more than the diameter of the hole drilled in the bottom of the can. A piece of polypropylene pipe or other similar item will do. The pipe is installed in such a way that it covers the hole at the bottom.
Now you need to pour sawdust into the jar and tamp them well. If they are poorly tamped, then the fuel will burn out too quickly, and you simply will not have time to cook anything. Then the pipe can be removed. If everything is done correctly and the sawdust is tamped tightly, the hole from the pipe should remain in the furnace. That's all, the oven is almost ready, all that remains is to make and install additional elements.
Step three. The final stage of assembly
If the jar is simply placed on the ground, the air will not be able to enter under it. In this regard, you need to make a special stand. It is very simple to make, for these purposes you will need a piece of steel wire and pliers. The segment must be bent so that a triangle is formed. To connect the ends, the author used a piece of tin, which he skirted around the wire. Now you just need to bend the vertices of the triangle at the same angle. After that, the oven rack will be ready. For cooking, you will also need a grate, since if you put the dishes directly on the jar, it will be difficult for smoke to escape from it, which will worsen the combustion process. The lattice can be made by yourself from the same wire or you can find a ready-made one.
According to the author, it is most convenient to use such a homemade product in tandem.
Experiments have shown that the oven works perfectly and does its job. It is only important to understand that the remnants of burning sawdust can fall out through the lower part. Therefore, the oven must not be placed on surfaces that could catch fire or melt. You can install it on the ground or sand. Source
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Equipment advantages
This type of furnace equipment has certain advantages. It is thanks to them that it is still in demand.
Its main advantages are:
- Significant operating time of the stove on one tab. Depending on the model used, the combustion process can take 6-20 hours.
- Autonomy of work. When heating a room using such a structure, constant monitoring is not required.
- Small size and light weight.
- When placing the unit, there is no need to create a foundation.
- Prolonged downtime of the device has no effect on the service life. This is especially true if it is used in the country.
- Complete combustion of fuel and minimum amount of ash.
- During the operation of the equipment, smoke is generated in a minimum amount.
- The ability to make a structure with your own hands from available materials. Often, there are enough available tools to get such a useful product at your disposal.
In this video, you will learn how to make a long burning stove:
If we talk about shortcomings, then there are no serious disadvantages for long-burning stoves. However, there are conditions in which they are not the best choice. Such devices are not suitable for large houses. Their main purpose is to create a warm atmosphere in buildings of a small area.
DIY making
Quite often, a do-it-yourself sawdust stove is made from a steel barrel with a volume of 200 liters. There should be no traces of rust on it. You can also use a propane cylinder or a piece of steel pipe to create the installation. In some cases, it is permissible to make it from an old fire extinguisher. For blanks, the most important parameter is the wall thickness. It will largely depend on it, what will be the life of homemade equipment.
In addition to the basis for installation, other materials are required:
- If the base is round, then you need material for the legs: pipe trimming or a regular channel.
- Two steel circles. They should be identical in size to the diameter of the barrel. Their wall thickness should be 5 cm.
- Finished door.
- The tube is 15 cm longer than the barrel and has a diameter of 100 mm.
- Pipe 5 m long with a diameter of 100 mm. It will be used for the chimney device.
Of the tools for creating a stove, you will need: a grinder, a welding machine, a hammer. You also need a tape measure and a level.
A do-it-yourself sawdust oven should be made only on the basis of a previously created drawing. You must carefully read it before the start of the event. Only after that you can proceed to active actions.
A prepared drawing will make the work easier
The manufacturing procedure begins with the preparation of the tank for loading fuel. It is necessary to trim the top of the barrel. Before that, it is worthwhile to conduct an accurate marking. Then the risk of spoiling the workpiece will be eliminated. Before cutting out the bottom, the markings are also required. The bottom should not be thrown away as it will then be used as a lid.
In this video, you will learn how to make a do-it-yourself oven:
The next step is to manufacture the bottom of the future installation from steel sheet. It must be cut to fit the diameter of the firebox. A hole should be made in the center, which should correspond in diameter to the supply pipe.
Making a pipe through which oxygen will be supplied to the combustion zone is the next stage of work. To do this, you need a workpiece that exceeds the length of the firebox, and in diameter it should be similar to it. With the help of a grinder, you should cut longitudinal lines in the pipe or arrange perforations. A drill must be used to perform the operation. A total of 50 holes need to be made.
Such a furnace will be able to operate on a wide variety of fuels.
Next, the perforated pipe must be inserted into the middle of the bottom, and then welded thoroughly.The next step is to cut out the cover. You need to make a hole in it, located in the center. It must be adapted to the pipe diameter. An additional hole should also be arranged near the edge. With its help, draft and air access will be controlled. At this point it is necessary to install a movable flap. For ease of use, this part should be equipped with arcs.
The chimney structure is made up of a pipe and a branch pipe with a diameter of 200 cm. They are connected to each other using a clamp. The branch pipe must be fixed in the upper part of the firebox next to the side outlet. After completing this work, a pipe should be put on it.
Then the stove must be installed on the supports. For their manufacture, a metal profile is used, which is welded to the body.
During the operation of the equipment, it becomes very hot. For this reason, the stove should not be installed near materials that are classified as combustible. The device can be serviced by putting on gloves beforehand. Also, you should not allow violations of safety rules.
Stove from a pipe
The sawdust oven is easily assembled on the basis of a piece of thick-walled pipe. The recommended pipe diameter is 400 mm. Prepare a smoke exhaust pipe with a diameter of 100-150 mm. Additionally, you will need a sheet of metal with a thickness of 6 mm or more.
First step
Make a fuel tank. Cut a hole in the upper part of the prepared metal pipe with a diameter of about 100 mm.
Second step
Make a bottom for the future stove. Cut a circle out of the sheet of steel with a diameter similar to that of the body. Make the markup first. To do this, it is enough to place the pipe on a metal sheet and circle it with a marker. After that, you just have to cut out the intended workpiece using an ordinary grinder.
In the central part of the cut out circle, make a hole with a diameter of about 50-80 mm.
Third step
Make a pipe to supply air to the stove. The length of this pipe should slightly exceed the height of the firebox. Select the diameter of the pipe according to the diameter of the previously prepared 50-80 mm hole.
In this pipe, you need to make about 50 holes with a diameter of about 1 cm.
Fourth step
Insert the perforated tube into the hole in the bottom of the stove and fix it by welding.
Fifth step
Make a cover for the stove. To do this, cut out a polygonal or round piece of steel sheet. Create a hole in the center of the workpiece. The diameter of this hole must match the diameter of the previously prepared perforated pipe so that the lid fits on it as tightly as possible.
Also prepare an extra hole closer to the edge of the cover. You will install a damper on it to supply air to the unit and control the draft level.
Sixth step
Install a smoke exhaust pipe. For installation, first attach the pipe to the hole in the upper side of the body by welding, and then attach the flue pipe to the pipe using a clamp.
The pipe-to-socket connection must be additionally sealed with heat-insulating material. Tighten the connection from above with metal wire.
Seventh step
Prepare supports for installing the stove. They can be made from a metal profile. To do this, cut 3-4 pieces of the same length from the metal profile and weld them to the furnace body.
Sawdust oven
Ashtray of the furnace on sawdust
Consider the fact that all structural elements made of metal will heat up during the fire. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to install the stove near flammable objects.
Experts recommend equipping such ovens with protective screens. The best option is a brick screen. It is enough to simply lay out brick walls about a meter high around the stove.
Do not leave the oven unattended for a long time.
Video - Wood sawdust oven. Ignition
Important points
When working on the creation of a long-burning furnace with your own hands, you need to know about the individual nuances of this process.
Furnace collection algorithm
Professionals with experience in this matter are well aware of them:
- When assembling the chimney, it is necessary to act in the opposite direction to the movement of the combustion products.
- Arrange a structure that can be easily disassembled for cleaning from deposits.
- Before starting operation, the sawdust stove must be tested in various modes. It is necessary to find out the most suitable temperature mode for use, as well as the optimal amount of fuel that can be loaded into the ignition chamber.
- The procedure for the manufacture of such equipment is not very difficult if the necessary materials are available, and there is also some experience in such work.
In order to obtain an installation that will last a long time, you should observe dimensional accuracy during its manufacture and use high-quality materials. When using the device, you need to remember that it is fire hazardous, so you should not arrange various experiments with it.
A do-it-yourself long-burning sawdust stove is perfect as a heating device in a garage or workshop. When making the installation yourself, the costs are minimal. Even with the help of materials at hand, you can create effective heating equipment. You just need to follow the order of the work, and the event itself should be carried out, focusing on a pre-developed drawing. In this case, you can get a potbelly stove that will provide a warm indoor climate with minimal fuel consumption.
How to improve
You can improve a simple stove model by adding an additional external or internal smoke circuit. The outer contour will provide an increase in the heated area and the preservation of the volume of the furnace, and the inner one is easier to operate and build. But the chimney in both the first and second cases will need to be shifted down to the base.
The construction of a long-burning boiler or a sawdust stove has many advantages. However, in order to ensure the safety of operation, it is necessary to give preference to a more complex design, act strictly according to the instructions and use only high-quality materials. It is best to follow the recommendations given in the instructions.
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