Combined heating control system for a complex building

Principles of operation of combined heating systems

When purchasing a multi-fuel boiler design, which is an element of combined heating, you need to familiarize yourself with the universal capacity of the boiler device. The area of ​​the building, heating needs are also taken into account here. They consider the most effective and relevant heating combinations, which are based on three principles:

• energy is obtained from all kinds of known sources;
• energy is generated, saved and accumulated, with its subsequent rational use;
• the system is created both during the construction period and in the built house.

Combined heating of a country house is a widely used type of heating, because it is very convenient to switch from one fuel to another by changing the burner included in the general set.

Combined heating option in a private house

At the same time, there are no significant changes in the settings, all issues are resolved using the instructions. The combustion chamber is one for two types of fuel, so the switching process is short-lived. Technically, this option is considered successful, despite the different fuel prices.

Combination of heating types

Combination scheme of heating types
The second way of combining is the joint introduction of types of water heating - radiator and built-in.

There are 2 types of built-in heating:

1. Water heated floors;
2. Warm water walls.

These types of hot water heating are used as both main and additional heating. For the operation of underfloor heating and warm walls, the installation of a mixing and circulation unit is required. The operation of the built-in heating complexes is carried out using a special mixer - three or four-way; the unit is equipped with its own circulation pump.

The coolant temperature in warm floors and walls usually does not exceed 50C, it flows in a low-temperature mode. A low temperature of the coolant is necessary to heat the floor surface to comfortable values ​​- from 23 to 33C.

The connection of the circulation units is carried out in the same way as the branches of radiator heating - to the risers or to the collectors of the corresponding diameter. The most optimal is the connection of built-in heating complexes to hydraulic separators or heat accumulators - in this case, the minimum mutual influence of the radiator system and the contours of the warm floor (warm walls) is achieved.

The use of warm floors creates more comfortable conditions for a person - the heat is concentrated in the area of ​​his stay. Warm water walls are no less effective, but less popular than water-heated floors.

In addition to combining radiators and built-in water systems, quite often the third component of a water heating complex is an air heater. Along with radiators and underfloor heating, heat is removed from the heat source for the needs of heating the air of the supply ventilation or the air heating network. Heaters are also connected in the boiler room.

It should be noted that when using different end consumers of heat - radiators, underfloor heating (walls), air heaters, pool heating heat exchangers, indirect heating boilers - it is recommended to connect them to a hydraulic arrow or a heat accumulator. These devices solve the issue of hydraulic balancing and different temperature modes of operation, greatly facilitate control and regulation.

The combination of schemes and types of water heating is a high-quality technical solution that significantly increases the level of comfort in heated rooms. The use of classical schemes is not always the best solution for heating large-area residential premises and different number of storeys. The combination of individual schemes and types of heating not only increases comfort, but also allows you to diversify the temperature regime in the premises, improves the overall hydraulic system, and optimizes the control process.

The second direction of combination - the integration of heat sources (boilers of different types, and so on) - has a number of technical features and is considered in a separate publication of our portal.

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Uniqueness of designs

Combined boilers for individual heating of a private house have several fireboxes for different types of fuel. In one of them, solid fuel is burned - wood and coal, in the other - liquid or gaseous in the form of gas or diesel fuel. In such systems, it is possible to connect several autonomous lines and set different temperatures. For example, energy goes from one to the batteries, the other controls the underfloor heating.

For heating a two-story house, this is an excellent option, only you need to focus on the presence of individual heat exchangers, they are not available in every combination boiler.

Combined heating scheme for a two-story house
The latest developed representatives have built-in heating elements for operating on existing energy carriers, and there are also burners that allow you to use both gas and diesel fuel, simply by switching the switch to the desired mode. In order to save money and obtain the desired effect of heating a large area, it is worth using a heat accumulator, most importantly in boilers using coal. When using solid fuel, the power of the boiler system is not regulated and the room becomes extremely hot. The present heat accumulator:

• removes excess heat, it is conserved;
• in the event of a lack of heat, hot water is transferred to the hot water supply or to the system.

With this design, the boiler can be turned on less often.

Design features

On the ground floor, it is best to use tiles as flooring. As for the rooms on the second floor, absolutely any floor covering can be used for them. In the event that you decide to install thermostats, you can easily maintain the necessary microclimate in the house, regardless of the time of year and day. For example, you can set a low temperature for the day and increase it at night.

The article provides an approximate diagram of a heating system. It assumes that underfloor heating is installed only on the first floor of the house. The second floor, according to the scheme, is heated only by radiators. But you can make changes to the schema to get rid of any flaws that are inherent in it. For example, equip a floor heating system on the second floor.

It is ideal if the combined structure is initially included in the project. But, as you know, nothing is perfect. Therefore, you need to focus on what you have, take into account all the restrictions. Please note that in apartment buildings it will not be possible to make a liquid underfloor heating. And is it even needed if you do not live on the first floor? But in apartment buildings, you can install heating systems with heat exchangers.

Model selection

When starting the choice of boiler models, you need to know that the size of the power for certain types of fuel will be different for it.

House project with combined heating

This is necessary to determine the main type used for heating purposes. Another information - in foreign boilers, the rated power is indicated, and in Russian - the maximum. This will make a significant difference in performance, so you need to be on the lookout. Combined boilers for a private house have different capacities when changing fuel.

Design features

In fact, a combined boiler for a summer residence is the same solid fuel one. only additionally equipped with heating element. A cumbersome unit, a large volume in which a wood-burning firebox takes up.

The heat exchanger is arranged somewhat differently than that of a simple wood-burning one: it has a complex shape, heating elements are mounted between the walls, and there is a special hole in the case for connecting electricity.

Working units of the universal boiler electricity / firewood:

• wood-burning firebox with a loading hatch. The size of the firewood bookmark depends on the size;
• ash pan - a chamber under the firebox, in which ash is collected. Blowing is carried out through it;
• damper, with which you can adjust the draft and, accordingly, the flame. Chain driven. When burning firewood, it must be open;
• heat exchanger;
• Heating elements;
• temperature sensors. Provide regulation of heating elements operation;
• control pressure gauge;
• chimney, the same as for solid fuel boilers (chimney device for a solid fuel boiler);
• automation. is responsible for the operating mode, regulates the power.

Additionally, boilers for heating with wood and electricity are equipped with a hob (above the combustion chamber). The double-circuit model has the ability to connect a warm floor. The body has nozzles for supplying the coolant and for the return, a drainage system, safety devices.

Types of combined heating systems

Gas + diesel boiler

The performance and operation of this combination depends on the performance of the heat exchanger. Such a representative is made of cast iron and steel separately, or in combination. Consumers who use a combined boiler for a private house are convinced that with a nearby gas pipeline, it is possible to use both water heating and a combined system in the form of a combination of diesel fuel and gas. This is a very economical version of the acquisition and further operation of the structure.

Gas + solid fuel

Such a system is an independent combination of gas and solid fuel. A multi-fuel device that operates on wood and coal is suitable here.

Combined heating boiler gas, diesel and solid fuel

This combination is not always effective; the boiler requires the presence of a special automatic technology that controls safety. You need to treat this situation clearly and under the supervision of a specialist, then there will be a return. Despite their complex design, these devices are popular due to their inexpensive cost.

Solid fuel + electricity

Combined boilers for heating a private house with a similar combination are quite often used in practice, mainly in the suburban version. The volume of electricity here is from 220 to 380 volts, the power is 4-9 kilowatts. Potentially, there is a three-phase changeover. Being present in the room, the owners can use solid fuel, and during the departure, the automatics are turned on, and the required temperature regime will be maintained in the building.

The price of such a unit, of course, is rather big, but it is reliable and in the absence of other options, this one will be the best.

Gas + solid fuel materials + electricity

Consumers who value the ultimate power choose only this heating system, which operates with some fuel sources. Coal, wood, coke, lumber briquettes are used here.A mixed heating system is suitable for different areas located far from the city, but with the presence of a gas pipeline. In the event of a shortage of gas or electricity, there is always a way out - to use wood or other solid fuel.

Pyrolysis + electrodes

This device is suitable for heating a two-story house or heating a summer cottage. The combination of the action of the pyrolysis and electrode boiler will allow you to maintain the required temperature, even when there are no owners.

The scheme is not one multi-fuel mechanism, but two units, and has already gained popularity.

Combined heating boilers

These are designs that have taken the pros (and cons) of all the boilers listed above. The most popular variations of boilers in combined heating systems can be distinguished:

1. Gas and wood burning.
2. Gas-diesel - can provide more heating power in large houses.
3. Gas-diesel-wood-burning - very high functionality, but the efficiency is small, as well as the power.
4. Gas-diesel-electric models are capable of heating large houses.
5. Various designs of heat generators operating on diesel fuel, gas, electricity, wood, can provide complete independence from external factors (for example, if there are frequent power outages).

When buying, be sure to take into account all the points that are associated with heating the house.

The most popular solid fuel boilers

The rating of the most famous heating systems is topped by Finnish combined boilers. There is an explanation for this:

1. The climate of the country is similar to that of Russia; the required capacity of the heating process can be achieved.
2. Manufacturing companies already have extensive experience and capabilities in this area.
3. The quality of the models is very high.

The Jäspi Group is a renowned company specializing in the production of heating equipment. The boilers have good characteristics, they are equipped with heating elements. Another well-known company is Jäspi. Boilers of this representative:

• operate on solid fuel + gas / diesel;
• they have a copper coil and ceramic grates;
• have autonomous fireboxes;
• are distinguished by high efficiency;

  
  Schematic diagram of the Tupla combi boiler from the Jäspi factory

• are able to completely burn fuel and are cleaned once a year;
• characterized by small emissions of harmful substances.

The Jäspi Biotriplex range represents the latest model: no switching is required during transitions, the two furnaces exist independently.

Oil-fired boilers

As a rule, such designs run on diesel fuel. Usually, such boilers are chosen if it is not possible to connect to the gas main. It is also reasonable to use the boiler if there are problems with the power supply in the area. The advantages of liquid fuel boilers include:

1. High efficiency.
2. Easy control - as a rule, all models have an automatic control system.
3. To use natural gas, it is sufficient to install a suitable burner.

But there are also disadvantages, which outweigh the pros:

1. The cost of the boiler itself is very high - gas ones are cheaper. Burners are also expensive.
2. Diesel fuel has a high cost today.
3. The unit emits a lot of noise during operation.
4. It is necessary to ensure the constant availability of diesel fuel in the tank. Moreover, the tank must be mounted in a specially designated place.
5. When burning fuel, the boiler gets very dirty and has to be cleaned frequently.
6. Sometimes the fuel has to be cleaned of impurities - sand, water, tar.
7. If the diesel fuel contains sulfur, then the destruction of the metal elements of the boiler will occur much faster.

Boilers from other manufacturers

The most demanded in a multi-fuel boiler is the combination: solid fuel + gas.

This is what Zota combined boilers look like.

This allows for excellent heating of cottages near which gas mains pass. Along with Finnish boilers, there are also Polish ones from Zota. They can combine solid, gaseous and liquid fuels. However, the burner will need to be replaced. The price of a boiler is small, this model is suitable for those who are not going to often change energy carriers.

For those wishing to regularly change the fuel, a combined two-flow boiler from Zota - ECO CK Plus is suitable.

The scheme of work is different here. The main solid fuel runs out, another burner turns on automatically. Everything is fixed in the settings. This is an interesting model of a multivariate boiler, but it also has disadvantages - size and cost. More existing models:

• Finnish Jäspi Triplex and Swedish CTC represent a combination: gas + solid fuel + electricity, and there are also examples: diesel fuel + gas + firewood + coal + electricity;

  
  Dimensional drawing of Finnish boilers Jäspi Triplex

• Czech cast iron combined boilers DAKON FB operate with pellets;
• Finnish boilers Jäspi VPK operate with pellets, gas, diesel fuel, wood, coal, there is an electric heating element;
• Austrian combined boilers Wirbel Eko Sk Pellet Pus have two furnaces;
• Russian combined boilers "FAX" operate on wood and coal, there is a heating element;
• the combined Russian boiler "Dymok" runs on wood or coal.

Gas heating boilers

These are the most popular heating devices, if there is a mains near the house, then it is most reasonable to use gas. The boilers have such advantages:

1. Fairly low fuel cost.
2. The efficiency of the units is high - from 92%.
3. Ease of operation due to design automation. You only need to set the desired temperature value and there is no need to monitor the process.
4. High degree of cost-effectiveness.
5. Variety of designs. There are single-circuit ones that allow you to heat the house. But there are also double-circuit ones, capable of providing residents with hot water.
6. There are both floor-standing and wall-mounted types of boilers.

But there are also disadvantages:

1. It is necessary to bring a gas pipeline to the house. If it is not, then you will have to pay a tidy sum for it.
2. You need to get documentation from the gas service.

Self heating at home

The variety of existing equipment contributes to the arrangement of heating a private house with their own hands, the owner must have the appropriate knowledge. Now living outside the city has become a priority, there is hot water around the clock, heating is turned on at the request of the owners at the right time. But you need to arrange everything competently, otherwise comfortable living will be impossible.

Existing schemes of combined heating boilers

Before equipping the system of any room, especially the heating of a two-story house, a project must be drawn up, which is certified by the relevant organizations. In the case of installing a boiler with gas equipment, you will also have to tinker with documents and connecting the gas main.

An important point is the fact that in private houses, heating systems consist of upper and lower wiring using vertical and horizontal elements. In a one-story house, it is best to use the upper wiring with the presence of the main pipeline in the attic, and for heating a two-story house, the lower one is usually used with a boiler in the basement. Video review of the boiler room of a private house with combined heating.
For the correct installation, you need to stock up on a certain set of tools. Definitely, the combined heating system of a private house is a wonderful discovery for owners who have problems with heat resources. In modern boilers, a variety of fuels can be used - this already depends on individual solutions.Each of the types has its own disadvantages, but with successful combined solutions, you can achieve the desired results and install a suitable and effective heating system for your own home.

A little about floor coverings

In order to make a water heat-insulated floor in your apartment, you will have to draw up a project and agree on it with the appropriate services. As you can imagine, this is a waste of money and time. It is required to decide in advance what type of coating will be laid on top of the warm floor. Many builders recommend tile or laminate flooring. Carpet and parquet cannot be used, as they have a high degree of thermal insulation. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire heating system is significantly reduced.

Linoleum can be used, but cheap types are not recommended. It is recommended to pay a little more, but buy a really high-quality and reliable material that will last for many years. Please note that some types of linoleum, when heated, can release harmful substances. And they are very dangerous for people.

Quite often, electric underfloor heating is installed in apartments, which complement the centralized radiator system. But if you decide to make such a system, you need to make sure that the wiring will withstand the load.

Artificial lighting

As a rule, most of the premises do not do with only natural light, especially when they provide for the performance of high-precision work. Therefore, to achieve the required level of illumination, an artificially created luminous flux is additionally used, due to special lighting equipment operating from the mains.

Such a lighting organization system, which simultaneously includes natural and artificial light, is called combined (combined lighting).

For your information! Artificial lighting also falls into several categories.

What heating devices are combined in the system

Since gas is the most affordable and cheapest fuel in many regions of our country, there are no problems with the choice of a heater. The main thing is to choose high-quality equipment with the required power. However, the problem of choosing heating equipment is relevant in settlements where the gas main does not pass nearby.

In this case, the following heating devices and their combinations can be used:

• Using liquefied gas is expensive, but it can be used for critical situations. In this case, a gas boiler model is used, which can be converted for use with liquefied gas by replacing the nozzle.
• The oil-fired boiler is suitable for those home owners who can buy diesel fuel inexpensively. Such units are capable of heating large areas.
• In all other cases, a solid fuel boiler of long burning is considered a good option.
• Condensing boiler can also be an advantageous solution for a private house. It consumes fuel very economically and has a high efficiency. These are non-volatile models that have electronic ignition systems for the burner.

How to connect radiators and underfloor heating to the boiler pump and mixing unit

How to combine a radiator heating system and a water heat-insulated floor. For one heating boiler. If possible with video accompaniment?

Hello Khalil! In order to simultaneously connect heating radiators and a water-heated floor to the boiler, you will need a manifold assembly. You can buy it assembled (the price is 10-20 thousand rubles, depending on the heated area), or, if you have experience, assemble it yourself.

For example, the price of a VALTEC COMBI pump-mixing unit costs almost 15 thousand rubles, excluding collectors.

Valtec Combi with 180 mm pump

ContentsWhat is a mixing unitSystem elementsTwo-way valveThree-way valveSystems of mixing units

Decorative

One of the backlighting options that have appeared relatively recently. The goal is to increase comfort, highlight interior items, and make the room more attractive.

Since the lighting devices in this case perform more decorative function, there are no great demands on them in terms of functionality. That is, the intensity of illumination does not play a big role.

Important! Do not forget about the pulsation of light sources, significant differences between individual areas of the room - with the brightest lighting and significantly darkened. Such nuances can adversely affect health. Therefore, it is not recommended to neglect the established standards just to make the room more attractive.