Calculation of the size of the stove for home and summer cottages. How many bricks are needed for the oven.

How to count for a Russian bath

The power of the stove for heating the bath is calculated based on the dimensions and parameters of the steam room. After all, the main task is to create the required temperature for this particular room. It is calculated by cubic capacity, but when calculating, it is still necessary to take into account several additional factors at once, to summarize the figures obtained. As a result, we obtain the required furnace performance for this type of steam room.

It has long been established that, on average, a heat output of 1 kW is required to heat one cubic meter of a steam room. Therefore, first, you need to know the length * width * height of the steam room. Multiplying these values in meters, you get the volume of the room, and, therefore, the minimum performance of the heating unit.

For example, a steam room has dimensions of 3 m * 2.8 m * 2.8 m. Multiplying, we get 23.5 cubic meters. In principle, when choosing, you can be guided by this figure ... But not everything is so simple. It is necessary to consider the following points:

Is there a window in the steam room. If there is, you need to add 3 kW for each square meter of the window area (this is if the glazing is single), if the glazing is double, apply a reduction factor of 0.5. For example, there is a 50 * 40 cm window with one glass. It is necessary to add 0.5 m * 0.4 m * 3 kW = 0.48 kW.
If there are brick walls in the steam room, 1 kW is added to each square (the high heat capacity of the brick requires additional heating).
If there is a non-insulated door (wooden or glass), add about 10% more power reserve.
Insulation degree. If everything is done according to the recommendations (insulation thickness), with a vapor barrier, the joints are glued with tape, no changes can be made. If the insulation is so-so, you can add 20-30% to the power already found.
If the stove is fired from an adjacent room, it is also necessary to increase the required capacity by at least 10%.

In general, sometimes a pretty solid increase is obtained. But for a bath, it is better to have a stove with a higher power than a lower one: it is better to stifle the combustion than not be able to heat the steam room to the required temperature. The reserve is especially important for the baths of periodic visits. In winter, in a week, they freeze through and through. When putting them into vaping mode, reserves will come in handy, which in summer seem to be absolutely superfluous.

Another plus of the stove productivity margin is that there is no need to heat it up red. With such intense heating, the furnace usually burns out quickly. To prevent this from happening, a fairly decent supply is needed.

Another advantage of stoves for saunas of higher power can be considered a large laying of stones, which means more comfortable conditions for vaping, a longer maintenance of the temperature in the steam room. There are also disadvantages. This is the price and size. Both are not fatal, but unpleasant.

Sauna features

The principle of calculating the power of sauna stoves remains the same: they are calculated by the volume of the steam room, the degree of insulation of walls and windows / doors is taken into account. Just take into account that the steam room is ready with average insulation in 2-3 hours. To reduce the time by 1 hour, it is necessary to increase the power by 60-80% (or improve the heat-insulating properties). But steam rooms in saunas usually do less than in baths. People sit quietly in them, and do not wave brooms. So really, too much performance is not required.

If you look at the catalog of wood-burning stoves for baths and saunas, then they are divided according to the volume of the steam room. This is convenient when choosing (taking into account all corrections for heat loss). If you are going to buy an electric heater for a sauna, then only the power consumption is often written in the technical specifications.In this case, for periodical saunas without constant heating, you can navigate according to the norms:

blockhouse (log or timber) without additional insulation - 1.4-1.8 kW / m3 with a wall thickness of 100-140 mm, 1.5 kW / m3 is required;
with a wall thickness of 200-240 mm - 1.75 kW / m3;

frame technology - 0.6-0.8 kW / m3.

There is no error in the given norms: with an increase in the thickness of log walls without insulation, an increase in power is required. This is due to the high heat capacity of wood. And the more wood there is, the more heat will be spent on heating it. If there is good thermal insulation inside the sauna, the power is calculated according to the standards of the frame.

In the presence of constant heating, other standards are used to calculate the required power of an electric stove for a sauna - an average of 0.7 kW / m3 is taken. This norm is true for saunas in an apartment. So, in this case, using an electric heater is not that expensive.

When planning energy costs, please note that electric sauna heaters operate at full power only during the “acceleration” period of the steam room - until the required temperature is reached. Then they either manually turn off and periodically turn off (cheap models), or automatically maintain the set temperature. In any case, after reaching the set temperature, the power consumption is reduced.

baniwood.ru

The microclimate of the Russian bath has a characteristic temperature of 60-80 ° C and humidity in the range of 40-60%. The efficiency of a metal furnace is to maintain a microclimate that changes depending on: ● the degree of insulation of the steam room ● heat capacity of the walls and cladding ● the presence of windows, doors, uncovered masonry. At the same time, only that stove, which is selected taking into account the ratio of power to the multi-part area of the steam room, is able to quickly create (and maintain for a long time) the necessary temperature and humidity conditions.

Selection parameters

Since the kilowatts reproduced by the iron stove and the range of cubic meters heated by it are indicated in the list of technical characteristics of a particular model, the buyer can only determine the heated volume of the steam room and calculate the power required for this.

Why are taken into account: ● volume (Vpair) - the product of the length, width and height of the room; ● heat loss for heating closed openings (Hdoors, Hwindows) and brick partition (Hwalls). On average, heating them 1 m2 consumes the same amount of heat as is required for heating 1.2 m3 of the internal volume of the room; ● absorption of thermal energy by the walls of the bath (k). Average coefficient for: ➢ non-insulated log cabin - 1.6. ➢ insulated wooden wall - 1 ➢ vapor barrier with foil that reflects infrared radiation - 0.6. According to the formula V = k * (Vpair + Hdoor + Hwindow + Hwall), the estimated volume is calculated, being guided by which you can choose a suitable furnace.

An example of the selection of a metal stove

Let's consider the calculations using the example of a steam room: 1. in a log house, 2. in a log house with external insulation, 3. with a vapor barrier under the inner lining, without emphasis on the main material of the walls. The initial data common to all options: the steam room has a size of 2 x 2 x 2 (m), has a window to the courtyard, a door to an adjacent room and a brick wall without insulation, through which the firebox of a metal stove will be brought into the adjacent room.

Actual room volume (Vpair)

The product of 2.5 m wide, 2 m long and 2 m high is 8 m3

Cubic equivalent of heat loss in areas without insulation

Applying the coefficient 1.2 to the area: ➢ windows 0.5 x 0.8 we get 0.48 m3 (H windows); ➢ doors 0.8 x 1.8 - 1.7 m3 (H doors). ➢ brick wall 0.8 x 2 - 1.9 m3 (Hwall).

The estimated volume of the steam room and the required power of the stove

The rounded sum of the calculated values (14 m3) is considered the calculated volume of the steam room, only after applying a coefficient to it that takes into account the material of the walls.
r /> ✓ Ordinary log house (k = 1.6) - 22.4 m3 ✓ Insulated wooden wall (k = 1) - 14.0 m3 ✓ Vapor barrier under the cladding (k = 0.6) - 8.4 m3 Based on the fact that to warm up 1 m3 of a steam room for an hour, 0.7 kW of the power of a metal furnace will be required (respectively: 15.7 kW, 9.8 kW, 5.9 kW) - the choice can be made based on this characteristic in the passport of the device.
Equipment selection

Despite the same volume of the room, different wall materials require the use of different heating equipment. That is, for each of the three considered options for steam rooms, a certain model of the stove is required. Due to the fact that the manufacturer is constantly improving the model range, it would be more expedient to indicate only the basic models for the calculation results. ❖ For a steam room in a log house, taking into account large heat losses, a device with a declared power of at least 15 kW / h is required for heating the estimated 22.4 m3. The Dobrostal furnace Empress Augusta STONE strong (14-16 kWh), designed to work in a room of 10-22 m3, meets these requirements. This model has rightfully taken the 1st place among the sauna stoves of the middle price class. ❖ A similar steam room, but already in a wooden frame insulated from the outside, is heated by equipment with a capacity of 9.8 kW / h.
it is more irrational to purchase 14 m3 for heating. Therefore, Malyutka 500U (9.8 kW / h), with a "working" range of 6-16 m3, is an acceptable option. ❖ The steam room room, which has foil insulation under the casing, requires a stove with a capacity of 5.9 kW / h. The foil reflects infrared rays, the heat stays inside. The Extra 400U model, with a declared 6.8 kW / h for 4-12 m3, should be considered the most efficient metal stove under the established conditions. Other factors affecting the characteristics of the basic equipment: ● combustion box ● thickness of the walls of the furnace ● design of the door
They affect cost, service life and the level of comfort in service. Therefore, it should only be viewed with your own preference.

www.pban.ru

Posted by: vika_b 1 year, 10 months ago

Calculation of the power of the stove for a bath, depending on the volume of the steam room

The sauna stove should be chosen with the optimal power based on the volume of your steam room.

You cannot be mistaken in choosing the power of the sauna stove, because then there will be no good steam: neither in the case when the power is insufficient, nor in the case when the power of the stove is more than required.

If you put a small stove in the bath with insufficient power for a given volume of the steam room, then it will have to be operated beyond its capacity, which will lead to rapid wear and tear of the stove.

If you buy a stove with a margin for reasons that a power reserve is never superfluous, then yes, indeed, the bath will heat up quickly and hot! But in order to bathe in comfortable conditions, it will be necessary to artificially reduce its capabilities while vaping and ventilate the steam room after each call. As a result, balanced steam cannot be obtained due to the fact that the stones in the stove are not so hot. And, if you maintain the desired temperature of the stones (at least 500 degrees C), then it will be too hot on the shelf and even in the lower zone, near the floor.

The calculation of the power of the oven for a bath must be done in the following sequence:

1.determine the volume of the steam room by multiplying its internal dimensions: width, length and height. For example, a steam room has dimensions of 3x2m and a height of 2.2m. This means that its volume is -13.2 m3.

2.Calculate the heat loss by cold surfaces such as a glass door, window, brickwork partitions by multiplying the area by a factor of 1.2, assuming that each square meter of such a surface absorbs the heat necessary to warm up 1.2m3. For example, in a steam room there is a window with dimensions of 0.5 * 1.0m = 0.5m2 and a glass door with dimensions of 1.8 * 0.8m = 1.44m2. This means that the heat loss will be (0.5m2 + 1.44m2) * 1.2 = 2.33m3

3. Summarize the calculated cubic capacity: the total volume of the steam room and the heat loss from cold surfaces.The previously calculated figures for items 1 and 2 are added and we get the volume required for heating, equal in our example (13.2 + 2.33) = 15.53m3

4. the correct calculation of the power of the stove for the bath is obtained if we take into account the material from which the bath is built, since the structures of the walls, ceiling and floor also absorb a decent amount of heat. For example, for a log bath, without finishing, you need to apply a coefficient equal to 1.6, and if the inside of the steam room is lined with clapboard, yes with foil, and with insulation, then a reduction coefficient is taken equal to 0.6 (since such a wall does not absorb, and repels heat from itself). So, for logs in a steam room, the design capacity of the furnace will be 15.53m3x1.6 = 24.85 m3 = 24.85 kW (from considerations that for 1 m3 of the calculated volume of the steam room, 1 kW of furnace power is sufficient).

5. When buying, we choose the oven with a power in the range of 25 kW

The data for calculating the power of the stove for each specific bath may differ in their characteristics due to the use of various materials and designs of the structure itself, or some additional factors, for example, the presence of forced ventilation, etc.

Since steam in a Russian bath is formed as a result of splashing water on hot stones, it is necessary when choosing a bath stove to look not only at its nominal power, but also at the volume (weight) of stones that can be placed in this stove.

Calculation of stones for the stove in the bath

Different sources recommend a different amount of stones per 1 m3 of a steam room with 15 people soaring at the same time for 5 hours.

snake at a minimum: 30kg. Therefore, for our example, you need 30kg * 24.85m3 = 745.5kg.If the steam room is calculated not for 15, but for 5 people, then, accordingly, you need to reduce the volume of stones by 3 times: 745.5 kg / 3 = 248.5 kg ... Something too much for a 25 kW stove and weighing no more than 200 kg (cast iron) .... And what size should a metal stove be to fit so many stones? In another "ancient" book, it is recommended for every 6 liters of water supplied - 8kg of cobblestone and 1.5kg - for 1 m3 of steam room volume. In an hour, 5 people pour no more than 4 liters of hot water onto the stones, so during 5 hours of continuous vaping, they will spend even 20 liters (which is unlikely). Still, we will reduce the amount of water by 30%, taking into account the pauses for airing and rest. It turns out that you need only 18.7 kg. We will also calculate the number of stones for the bath, taking into account the volume of the steam room: 1.5 kg * 24.85 m3 = 37.5 kg. We add everything up and get: 37.5 kg + 18.7 kg = 53.2 kg of cobblestone. This is already an acceptable figure for an ordinary simple bath. You can make a more complex calculation of stones for a bath, determining the required amount of heat by evaporation and heating ... But .., the task of this article is to determine the required power of the stove for the bath. Therefore, let's estimate how many kW is needed to heat 53.2 kg of stones for 15 minutes (the approximate time allotted for a pause between soaring) to a temperature of 500 degrees:

1kg of stones from a temperature of 500 degrees, cooling down to 200 degrees (a difference of 350 degrees), will give 294 kJ (0.84 kJ / kg * C x 1 kg x 350C).

53.2 kg will give 294 kJ * 53.2 kg = 15640.8 kJ. How much heat will be given away during cooling, the same amount needs to be replenished.

1 kW = 3600 kJ / hour

We convert kJ to kW, we get 4.35 kW per hour

Recalculated for 15 minutes: 4.35 * 4 = 17.40 kW

Conclusion: a furnace power of 20 kW will provide heating up to 500 degrees 53.2 kg of stones every 15 minutes. Let's add another 5 kW to the calculation of the power of the bath furnace to take into account heat losses through structures and cold surfaces. So, for a steam room with dimensions of 3x2x2.2m, a 25kW oven is needed, based on two different calculations:

By the volume of the steam room and cold surfaces

By the number of stones

With a lower flow rate under the supplied water, for example, when steaming not five people, but two, for not five hours, but only a couple of three, you can choose a stove with a lower power (20 kW).

You can always buy from us both heating stoves and stoves for baths and saunas.

follow the link and buy
or order a call back
lefrat.ru

The presence of a high-quality bath is perceived by the majority of owners of country houses as a self-evident addition to the created comfort of their living space.When building a bathhouse "from scratch" or when re-equipping existing premises for it, the question of purchasing a stove-heater for a steam room will invariably arise. The range of these peculiar heating devices is currently extremely wide, and it is possible to choose a conventional wood-burning, gas or electric stove, depending on the specifics of the conditions available.

However, the stove should be chosen only by the type of fuel (energy carrier) used, appearance, dimensions, ease of use, although these criteria are extremely important. Even the most expensive and beautiful heater will become completely useless if it is not able to cope with its direct task - creating and maintaining the required temperature in the steam room, that is, that very specific bath microclimate. And you can make a mistake when choosing one way or the other. A low-power oven simply will not be able to "catch up with steam", and a device with too high heat output values is an unnecessary waste both when purchasing and during operation. How to be? A calculator for calculating the thermal power of a stove for a bath will help in solving this issue.

We recommend that the reader, before proceeding directly to the calculations, read the explanations given below the calculator itself.

Calculator for calculating the thermal power of a stove for a bath

The specifics of calculating the power of a bath stove

First of all, let's figure out the units of measurement.

Power, more precisely, the calorific value of a heating device is measured in kilowatts. It is believed that to ensure a healthy bath microclimate, it is necessary to spend about 1 kW for each cubic meter of steam room volume. However, it is undesirable to proceed only from such a ratio, since it is easy to make a mistake.

- The sauna stove has a special design - it is supposed to have a stone insert, external, which can be located on top, along the walls and / or along the initial section of the chimney, and sometimes also internal. Stones play a very important role in the heat output of a sauna stove, and their number must correspond to the parameters that are mandatory specified in the device's passport.

- In addition, in most cases, the power of the stove is also used to heat water - a hot water tank is hung (attached) to the stove, or the design of the device is equipped with a built-in heat exchanger

All this is said in order to correctly understand - the "pure" indicator of the power of the device sometimes does not show the real picture. If you familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the sauna stoves, one cannot fail to notice that the manufacturer usually indicates the range steam room volume, which is guaranteed to be warmed up by this model. Therefore, they try to choose the stove in such a way that the available parameters of the steam room fall approximately in the middle of this specified range. For example, you need a sauna heater of 14 m³. The optimal model will be a model with a passport range - from 10 to 18 m³.

It would seem that there is nothing simpler: multiply the length, width and height of the steam room - and here's the finished volume ... No, and this is not entirely true. The fact is that any steam room can also have its own characteristics, which sometimes make very significant adjustments to the required indicators of the thermal performance of the furnace. This is taken into account in the proposed calculator.

So, first of all, the user is asked to enter the linear dimensions of the steam room - its length, width and height of the ceiling. The values are indicated in meters (with an accuracy of 0.1 m).
In the steam room, they always try to perform the most effective thermal insulation, using various insulation materials for this, including those with a foil covering facing the room. And only then the surfaces are sheathed, as a rule, with a natural board or clapboard. No power adjustments in this regard are expected.However, when the bathhouse is made in a log cabin, or its walls are assembled from a bar, sometimes the inner cladding is simply neglected. This approach, of course, is understandable, but in this case it will be necessary to increase the power of the furnace, since a significant amount of heat will be spent on heating massive wooden parts with a very high heat capacity.
The stove can be located completely in the steam room, but it is more convenient and safer to use devices in which the fuel window is placed in the dressing room. But this is already a "gap" in the overall thermal insulation of the room, which also requires an amendment to the calculation, since some of the heat will simply be lost, heating the air in the adjacent room.
If the door to the steam room has internal insulation and is very well fitted to the opening, then significant heat loss through it is not expected. But they are often limited to a simple wooden panel board, and recently glass door leaves are also actively becoming fashionable. It is already necessary to make an amendment on this score.
It will require adjusting the power indicators and the presence of a window in the steam room. Moreover, the magnitude of the correction will depend on the area of the window and on the type of its glazing. If this type of calculation is selected, additional fields for entering values will open in the calculator.
And, finally, there are often sections of surfaces in the steam room (it does not matter if it is a floor or walls), faced with stone or ceramic tiles, fragments of brickwork. The heat capacity of these materials is very high, and they will "pull" a certain amount of thermal energy onto themselves. Therefore, this amendment is also included in the calculation.
The final result will be issued, so to speak, in given the volume of the steam room, which includes its real dimensions, and all the necessary adjustments for the specifics of the room. It is on this value that one should be guided when choosing a stove.

Brick the sauna stove? - no problems!
Some sauna stoves have a very rich external finish, but simpler, cheaper models with an unprepossessing appearance can also fit into the interior of the steam room by making a brick "case" for them. How to brick a sauna stove yourself - read in a special publication of our portal.

stroyday.ru

Heating stove with bottom heating, size 770 × 640 mm

The heating stove has dimensions, mm: 770x640x2310 (Fig. 1, a).

Fig. 1. Heating stove with bottom heating measuring 770 × 640 mm a - facade; b - sections A — A, B — B, B — C; c - masonry 1–17 rows; 1 - ash pan; 2 - blower door; 3 - grate; 4 - furnace door; 5 - firebox; 6 - smoke damper.

Fig. 1. Continuation: d - laying 18-35 rows

Material consumption (without foundation and pipe):

red brick - 220 pcs.;
refractory bricks - 170 pcs.;
red clay - 10 buckets;
refractory clay - 50 kg;
sand - 5 buckets;
furnace door - 250 × 210 mm;
blower door - 250 × 140 mm;
smoke valve - 130 × 250 mm;
grate grate - 380 × 250 mm;
cleaning doors with dimensions 130 × 140 mm - 6 pcs .;
pre-furnace sheet - 500 × 700 mm.

Refractory bricks, in their absence, can be replaced by ordinary red selective bricks of the first grade.

Before you start laying the stove, you should purchase the necessary stove appliances and only then start work, focusing on their size.

The stove can be folded by one stove-maker within 16-18 hours; additionally, it takes about 4-5 hours to bring the material and prepare the clay-sand mortar.

The dimensions of the stove are small, but it provides heating for a room with a floor area of up to 16 m². The heat transfer of the stove with a disposable firebox is 2.8 kW (2400 kcal / h), and with a two-time firebox - 3.5 kW (3000 kcal / h).

The stove has a simple design, increased heating in the lower zone, anthracite, coal, coal briquettes, peat briquettes, and firewood serve as fuel. Hot flue gases in the furnace move through a well-developed chimney system, while heating its inner walls.

In fig. 1, b, vertical sections of the furnace are given along A — A, B — B and C — C, and the orders show in what sequence the laying of bricks and the installation of oven devices in each row are carried out.

The vertical sections show the firebox 1, the ash-pan 2, the grate 3, the furnace door 4, the blower door 5, the smoke valve 6, cleaning holes.

The arrows indicate the directions of movement of hot flue gases in the heating furnace, and the dashed lines show the movement of cold room air in the heated furnace before the complete closure of the smoke damper.

Hot flue gases of the warming-up stove from the firebox rise up to the firebox overlap and from the upper opening.

Masonry fifth row does not present difficulties, only you should pay attention to the correctness of the alternation of the seams. This row forms a firebox measuring 250 × 380 mm.

During masonry sixth row install and attach the fire door to the masonry. Before installing the combustion door, it is prepared for installation. Masonry seventh and eighth rows carried out according to the orders. Furnace masonry from the ninth to the seventeenth row does not present difficulties, you just need to follow the rules for bandaging the seams. Eighteenth row blocks the firebox and the descending channel. Only one channel of 130 × 130 mm remains. Nineteenth row they are laid out with ordinary red bricks, the laying of this row is similar to that of the eighteenth row. During masonry of the twentieth row, clean-out holes are installed.

Twenty-first row spread according to the order. Twenty-second nearby block the cleaning doors. Twenty-third row must be laid out strictly in order. The masonry of this row forms the beginning of the chimney system.

Furnace masonry from twenty-fourth to twenty-seventh rows is the same, you just need to strictly follow the rules for bandaging the seams. Furnace masonry from the twenty-eighth to the thirtieth row carried out according to the order. Thirty-first row cover the top of the furnace, leaving a chimney channel 130 × 250 mm in size. Thirty-second and thirty-third rows also overlap the top of the oven, only observe the rules for bandaging the seams. In the thirty-fourth row the masonry is shown (a channel of five bricks and the installation of a smoke damper with a size of 130 × 250 mm.

Masonry thirty-fifth row the chimney begins. Pipe laying is not difficult. The pipe is laid out "five", in detail observing the rules for dressing the seams, with an internal pipe size of 130 × 250 mm strictly vertically. When passing through the ceiling and roof, fire-prevention measures must be observed. After finishing the laying of the stove and chimney, they are dried with test furnaces, after drying they are plastered and whitewashed.

The main characteristics of the sauna stoves

To choose a sauna stove, you need to decide on several characteristics and their combination:

heating method (type of fuel);
maximum heating power;
dynamic range - the ability to adjust the heat output;
thermal inertia, the ability to stabilize the temperature in a steam room;
heat transfer rate, surface temperature;
dimensions;
vaporization;
the ability to use heat to heat water.

The stove can be made of metal or made of stone. At the same time, modern metal stoves are a winning option, since they are compact in size and allow you to heat the steam room in a short time.

Fireplace stoves

A fireplace stove is essentially a fireplace that is built on a single foundation with the stove. In this case, the fireplace and stove have a common chimney. Let's consider in detail how they can differ from each other.

Classic fireplaces

In country houses, a similar design can be supplemented with a built-in small-sized stove and an oven. If the stove and fireplace have different chimneys, they can be heated at the same time or separately.

Products with a water circuit

Such ovens can provide full and functional heating of even a large country house. Units with a water circuit are able to heat the air not only using the convection method, but also by heating water.

You can distribute pipes from this stove to all rooms in the room. This will create a fully functional heating system.

Various materials can be used in the manufacture of units with a water circuit. The water heater itself (the so-called coil) can be steel or cast iron (in the latter case, a high level of heat transfer can be achieved).

Heating and cooking models

Such models differ from other types of ovens in that they have a hob. Thanks to this, this equipment can be used for cooking.

Heating and cooking structures can have additional drying and ovens. This makes the use of the stove wider.

Stoves designed not only for heating, but also for cooking are most common among residents of country houses. They are the embodiment of functionality and practicality, economy and productivity.

Power selection

In terms of power, the sauna stove is chosen so that it can maintain a high temperature in the steam room. For a Russian bath or hammam, you need to warm up the room to 40-600C. For a sauna - up to 80-1100C. It is clear that the higher the required temperature and the larger the volume of the room, the more power is required.

The choice of power is influenced by:

steam room temperature;
thermal insulation qualities of walls and outside temperature;
steam generation requirements;
steam room volume.

An accurate calculation of the optimal power requires the calculation of the thermal resistance of all enclosing structures, taking into account their location and external temperature. But there is also an easier way to do without complex heat engineering calculations.

To determine the required power, you can focus on the average estimate - 1 kW per 1 m3 of steam room volume. Take, for example, a room with dimensions of 2x3 m and a height of 2 m. The calculation of the volume is simple - it is obtained by multiplying all three dimensions. In our case, the volume of the steam room is 12 m3. 12 kW - this will be the "ideal" design power. If part of the enclosing structures of the steam room does not have thermal insulation, for example, a door, then its area must be multiplied by 1.2 and added to the value obtained earlier. For example, if the door has dimensions of 2x0.7 m, then the additive will be 1.68 kW. We round up and as a result we get the required power of 14 kW.

If the door is made of glass, then to calculate the correction for non-insulated structures, its area is multiplied by 1.5. The same amendment is introduced for the window, if any.

The resulting value is a guideline for choosing a suitable oven. It is better if the real power is slightly higher than the calculated one, but not too much. The high maximum power allows you to quickly warm up the steam room, but then the heating must be reduced in accordance with the operating thermal regime. If the power cannot be reduced to the required level, the steam room will not be able to obtain the desired atmosphere.

Basic fire safety requirements when laying stoves

the obligatory presence of cuts in the places of contact of chimneys and ventilation ducts with floor materials;
it is forbidden to lay flooring close to the smoke ducts and the walls of the root pipe located in the walls;
the obligatory presence of space between the wooden wall and the root pipes and stoves;
the thickness of the upper stove floor must be at least three brick rows;
coincidence of vertical seams during laying is not allowed;
in the process of cutting, it is necessary to provide for the possible settlement of the building;
mandatory presence of a steel sheet on the floor under the fire door.

Types of stoves for a bath

Currently, there are three types of sauna stoves on the market:

solid fuel;
gas;
electrical;

You can also use liquid fuel - fuel oil or diesel fuel, but this solution is rarely used.

The wood-fired sauna stove is characterized by high power and simple design.Wood-fired stoves can be great for heating large steam rooms, but adjusting their power is not easy. They are not adapted to work with automatics, and a large mass of stones is used to stabilize the temperature. The combination of an iron furnace and stones, which are placed in special containers or a mesh casing, gives the required power and heating stability.
In terms of use, the most convenient ovens are electric. They have a wide range of heating settings and are able to stably maintain not only the power level, but also the temperature. For this, they are equipped with a power regulator and a thermostat. Ease of use and automatic temperature maintenance are the main advantages of the electric heater.

Electric heaters have low thermal inertia. To increase it, their design provides for the possibility of stacking stones above the heater. The stones with their heat capacity equalize the heating differences associated with the operation of the thermostat. In addition, the heated stones evaporate the water, which gives the desired steam.

The only drawback of electric ovens is the power limitation due to connectivity. Even 5 kW require special wiring, and 10-15 kW are often unavailable.

The use of a gas sauna stove removes the power limitation and allows the heating to be regulated within a wide range. Stability of work is also the strong point of such units. Electric and gas heaters do not require a large volume of stones, as they can maintain a stable operation of the heater or burner.

Technologies and basic materials

The operational characteristics of stone kilns are determined by the quality and the correct choice of materials, adherence to technological requirements and the quality of the masonry.

For the laying of stoves, natural stone materials (rubble stone, sandstone and limestone) or special heat-resistant types of bricks are used. To ensure even dense masonry and reliable adhesion to the mortar, bedded (flat) stones and rubble slabs are used. The main material for the construction of stone kilns is red brick, made from clay, free of impurities, by plastic or dry pressing, followed by drying and firing. Fireclay bricks can withstand the highest temperatures (up to 1600 ° C).

Furnace masonry technology provides for the use of several types of bricks with different levels of heat resistance. To ensure high-quality masonry, the brick must have the same rectangular shape, straight edges and corners, clear edges and smooth front surfaces.

Ordinary or red clay is used as the main ingredient in ordinary red brick oven mortar. Refractory clays (for example, Gzhel) are used when laying the walls of a firebox and fire channels made of refractory bricks. Fine-grained sand acts as an aggregate in clay masonry mortar. This material should not be contaminated with various impurities and plant residues. Sand is added to red and refractory clays, and fireclay is used with refractory clays. Lime and cement mortars are used for the construction of furnace foundations and pipe heads located above the roof.

Furnace design

The choice of a stove for a bath involves the selection of the most suitable design, and there are much more options here than when determining the required power.

Material

Most of the newly built baths are not intended for a large number of people, and their steam rooms have a small area. In such a steam room, the large dimensions of the stove become a hindrance. Therefore, a compact metal oven is a rational choice.

Another advantage of such a furnace is its ease of installation. It does not need a massive foundation, complex work. It is simply placed on a solid platform and connected to the chimney and to the water supply system, if it has a water heater.

Metal furnaces are manufactured from sheet steel. The sheets of the greatest thickness, up to 5 mm, are used for the manufacture of the firebox. The outer casing is painted with high-temperature paint, and in some models stainless steel containing 17% chromium is used as the material for the manufacture.

Heating stability

Steel conducts heat much better than brick, and therefore a metal furnace has a high heat transfer. Such stoves heat up quickly and cool down faster than, for example, cast iron stoves, which reduces the risk of fire hazard situations. To accumulate heat and stabilize heating, stone backfill is used. The greater the mass of stones heated from the furnace, the less the intensity of heat transfer changes with temperature differences.

A large supply of heat allows you to get a large amount of steam. At the same time, its high quality is consistently ensured, since the temperature of the stones when sprinkled with water changes little due to their large mass.

Most of these stoves can be fired from a room adjacent to the steam room. The firebox door is located at a considerable distance from the body and is connected to the furnace by a neck - a fuel channel. Thus, it is possible to keep the steam room clean - all waste from the fuel remains in the dressing room.

Safety

The furnace metal is heated to a high temperature, which can be dangerous for people. To avoid burns, this heater is equipped with a protective cover, like this model. In some cases, not a casing, but a stone backfill acts as a protective fence, as in grid furnaces, for example, the Siberian Cliff.

An air gap remains between the firebox and the protective casing, which serves as a heat insulator, which reduces the temperature of the outer casing. A natural draft arises in this gap, which can be used to intensively distribute hot air throughout the entire volume of the steam room. For this, holes are made in the body for air inlet from below and for outlet - from above, as in the models of the Kuzbass series.

The through flow of air through the air gaps of the casing enhances convection, which allows you to very quickly warm up the air in the steam room, and the backfill of stones stabilizes the heating and provides a supply of energy for vaporization. Often a steam generation device is built into the backfill. With this furnace design, it is easy to obtain a constant flow of steam.

Characteristics of heating furnaces

Heating stoves are designed for heating residential premises. Their designs have changed several times; multi-turn heating furnaces with successive vertical smoke flows have been replaced by single-turn heating furnaces with one ascending chimney and several descending ones.

Gas flow patterns in household stoves a - a multi-turn stove with vertical channels; b - single-turn oven; c - stove with upper and lower heating chambers; d - stove with reinforced bottom heating with upper and lower heating chambers

In single-turn ovens, the outer walls are warmed up more evenly. When installing a grate in the firebox of such stoves, the efficiency increases to 70-75%.

The disadvantage of single-turn ovens is that their upper part heats up more than the lower one. Because of this, there is no uniform heating of the premises with a minimum temperature difference at the floor and at the ceiling.

Heating stoves of various sizes and designs with increased bottom heating, given in this article, with their correct operation, ensure uniform heating of premises with a minimum temperature difference at the floor and at the ceiling of 2-3 ° C.

By their design, these ovens consist, as it were, of two ovens, stacked one on top of the other and interconnected by one vertical connecting channel. In heating furnaces of these structures, intensive heating of the lower part of the furnace occurs.

Hot flue gases in the kiln body move as follows. Leaving the firebox (see fig.1), they first warm up the lower part of the furnace, then, rising along the vertical connecting channel, they warm up the upper part of the furnace. In vertical longitudinal and cross sections, arrows show the movement of hot flue gases in individual parts of the furnace body.

In the furnaces of these designs, the flue gases pass the same distance before they exit into the chimney in the course of their general movement in the furnace mass as in single-turn furnaces with one ascending and several descending channels. Flue gases in heating furnaces of this design make a short path, overcoming a small gas resistance. In an array of furnaces of such designs, flue gases move according to the principle of "free" gas movement, as discussed below.

"Free" movement of gases

The heating stoves shown in this article are thick-walled, moderate heating stoves with increased heat transfer from the bottom of them. The heating of these furnaces lasts only 45-60 minutes, the fuel is placed in them in 3-4 steps. Usually, these stoves are heated once a day, but at a low outside temperature (up to 35-40 ° C), it is advisable to heat the stoves twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. With a two-time firebox, a normal temperature in rooms with a daily fluctuation of 2-3 ° C is ensured.

These furnaces are very economical in terms of fuel, their efficiency is especially increased when installing hermetically sealed furnace and blower doors. Fuel costs are reduced by half or more compared to the operation of multi-turn furnaces. It is advisable to use anthracite as a fuel, and in its absence, you can use coal, coal briquette, peat briquette and any firewood. When harvesting firewood, the length of the logs must be made according to the dimensions of the firebox of the stove.

Below is a detailed procedure for laying a 770 × 640 mm heating stove. The masonry of the rest of the heating stoves is basically similar to the masonry of the above-mentioned stove, therefore, their masonry will be described more succinctly.

Stove stones

When choosing a stove for a bath, you need to take into account the mass of stones in the bookmark and the conditions for their heating. To obtain "light" steam, a high temperature is required. The stones should be heated to at least 150 ° C, and for a Russian bath - at least to 200-250 ° C. In this case, you can expect a good result.

Depending on the design, stones can be laid on top of the firebox or warmed up from all sides. In the latter version, the internal stone filling will serve as an excellent steam generator. It is very important that the stones do not cool down when in contact with water, so that they have a sufficient supply of energy and a strong flow of heat from the firebox.

How many stones do you need?

In order for the stones of the sauna stove to cope with their functions, they must have not only a high temperature, but also a sufficiently large mass.

For a small steam room equipped with an electric oven, if intensive steam generation is not required, 3-5 kg of stones are enough. They are mainly needed only to smooth out fluctuations in heat transfer when turning on and off a thermostatically controlled heater.

If good steam is needed, then the weight of the backfill should be increased. In a small amount, the stones will quickly cool down and stop evaporating water well. If water droplets boil on stones, then they are already cold. Normally heated stones evaporate water almost instantly.

For a solid fuel stove, the mode of which is difficult to maintain constant, you need at least 5 kg of stones for each cubic meter of the steam room. And for a Russian bath, it is better to increase this amount to 8 kg. That is, for the steam room, given as an example at the beginning of the article, the mass of the stones to be laid will be 90 kg or so.

Which stones to choose?

For the bath, stones that are not too small are selected, at least 40 mm in size. Better - from 70 to 150 mm. For heat storage, size is not important, only weight is important. But the coarse fraction is more easily blown with air, and therefore it gives off heat better in ventilated backfills and warms up better in batch furnaces.

It is important that they withstand temperature fluctuations.If a red-hot stone, when poured with water, begins to crack with the scattering of fragments, it is not suitable for a steam room. Some types of rock, when heated, emit harmful substances.

Recommended breeds for the heater:

gabbro-diabase,
talcochlorite,
jade,
quartzite,
quartz,
porphyrite,
basalt,
river pebbles.

The last option on this list is affordable stones, which are easy to find in most regions. Basalt and gabbro-diabase are distinguished by their high heat capacity and resistance to strong heating. Talcochlorite is relatively light and has good thermal conductivity. Raspberry quartzite or jadeite can serve as a decoration for a steam room, as well as white quartz, which is called "hot ice".

Handcrafted furnace construction

Regardless of which design of the stone stove is chosen, it must in any case meet fire safety requirements. Therefore, the preparatory stage must be given great importance. And it consists of the following steps:

Development of a detailed drawing.
Choosing a place for installing the oven.
Selection and purchase of building materials.
Preparation of tools.
Estimating the estimated costs.

One of the most important stages is the preparation of drawings. The final result depends on how competently they are made. You can buy a ready-made project in a special organization, developed by specialists, or save money and draw up a diagram yourself based on an example from special literature.

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When choosing an installation site, the type of room, its area and the type of the selected structure play a huge role. There are a lot of nuances in this process, so experienced specialists recommend that novice craftsmen create a small copy of a stone stove for a bath or at home, this will help to understand the intricacies of masonry and eliminate mistakes in the process.

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conclusions

So, what kind of stove to choose for a bath? This issue is resolved in a few steps.

Determine the required capacity by the volume of the steam room and its thermal insulation. Study information about different models: the characteristics may indicate not the power, but the recommended volume of the steam room.
Determine the maximum permissible dimensions of the furnace, taking into account the size of the steam room, its layout and ease of use.
Specify the amount of space for laying stones. Here you should use the recommendations for calculating the required backfill weight and choose a model that can accommodate no less.

With all the variety of options for sauna stoves, you can make the right choice if you focus on these recommendations. If you still have doubts, you can always contact the qualified managers of the Teplodar online store.

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Choosing the optimal stone oven model

In addition to certain operational parameters of stone furnaces, the choice of a particular model should also be based on the characteristics of the structure itself (purpose, layout features, dimensions, fire safety, etc.). With proper consideration of all these criteria, one stone stove for a summer residence or a house will warm up all rooms with high quality and evenly.

To ensure maximum heating capacity, the stove must be planned in such a way that all of its heat-dissipating surfaces are located in proportion to the area and heat loss of each room.

According to the shape of the oven, there are:

rectangular,
square,
round,
T-shaped,
angular.

Calculation of stones for a bath

Different sources recommend a different amount of stones per 1 m3 of a steam room with 15 people soaring at the same time for 5 hours. Let's take at a minimum: 30kg. Therefore, for our example, 30kg * 24.85m3 = 745.5kg ...Something too much for a 25 kW stove and weighing no more than 200 kg (cast iron) .... And what size should a metal stove be to fit so many stones? In another "ancient" book, it is recommended for every 6 liters of supplied water - 8 kg of cobblestone and 1.5 kg - for 1 m3 of steam room volume. In an hour, 5 people pour no more than 4 liters of hot water onto the stones, so during 5 hours of continuous vaping, they will spend at least 20 liters (which is unlikely). Still, let's reduce the amount of water by 30%, taking into account the pauses for airing and rest. It turns out that we need only 18.7 kg. We will also calculate the number of stones for the bath, taking into account the volume of the steam room: 1.5 kg * 24.85 m3 = 37.5 kg. We add everything up and get: 37.5 kg + 18.7 kg = 53.2 kg of cobblestone. This is already an acceptable figure for an ordinary simple bath. You can make a more complex calculation of stones for a bath, determining the required amount of heat by evaporation and heating ... But .., the task of this article is to determine the required power of the stove for the bath. Therefore, let's estimate how many kW is needed to heat 53.2 kg of stones for 15 minutes (the approximate time allotted for a pause between soaring) to a temperature of 500 degrees:

1kg of stones from a temperature of 500 degrees, cooling down to 200 degrees (a difference of 350 degrees), will give 294 kJ (0.84 kJ / kg * C x 1 kg x 350C).
53.2 kg will give 294 kJ * 53.2 kg = 15640.8 kJ. How much heat will be given off during cooling, the same amount needs to be replenished.
1 kW = 3600 kJ / hour
we convert kJ to kW, we get 4.35 kW per hour
we recalculate for 15 minutes: 4.35 * 4 = 17.40 kW

by the volume of the steam room and cold surfaces
by the number of stones

With a lower consumption of supplied water, for example, when steaming not five people, but two, for not five hours, but only a couple of three, you can choose a stove with a lower power (20 kW).

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