Many modern residential apartments are equipped with autonomous heating. There is no question of norms here. Everyone sets the temperature of the water in the radiators at will and pays according to the meter. However, most houses still have central heating, where the temperature in the radiators is regulated by standards. When it gets cold in an apartment, people wonder about the water temperature in central heating batteries.
Radiators according to GOST standards
When heat depends on batteries
Heat supply is regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated 6.05.2011. According to this document, the start and end of heating is linked to the ambient temperature. Central heating batteries turn on when the average daily rate drops to 8 degrees above zero and lasts for five days. In the main territory of Russia, this happens by mid-October.
Battery under the window
Water leaves the radiators when the average outdoor temperature reaches +8 degrees Celsius. And it remains so for five days. Battery shutdown times vary by regulation.
In warmer years, this happens at the end of April.
If the temperature is low, then according to the standards, heating of residential and industrial premises remains until mid-May. Only during this period of time should we talk about the temperature standards of water in radiators. The rest of the time, the fight against the cold is the work of the residents.
Water temperature norm
It was once believed that the water for central heating should be heated to 100 degrees at the outlet and 60 degrees on the return movement. At that time, there was no good equipment to control the heating of water for central heating. This approach is unprofitable. Rising fuel costs increase utility bills for homeowners.
Regulatory radiators
Modern equipment allows the use of low-temperature heating of apartments according to the standards. This means that the norms for the water temperature in the heating radiators are not constant. They become attached to external factors. The following are taken into account:
- Heat loss of buildings. It is theoretically possible to build a house without heat loss. To do this, you will need to overlay it with insulation of at least a meter thickness. In fact, 150 mm of high-performance insulation is considered good thermal insulation. But heat loss will still go through the walls, floor and roof. The higher these losses, the more heating the dwelling needs to create a comfortable environment.
- Heat source indicators. If the boiler does not meet the design requirements, then more water heating is required for heating.
- Heat transfer of the metal from which pipes and batteries are made. If the metal of the pipes has a low thermal conductivity, then this will allow not to lose heat during transportation from the heat source. Batteries, on the other hand, must have a high thermal conductivity in order to give off heat to the maximum. Cast iron batteries have lower thermal conductivity compared to aluminum and bimetallic ones. For the same heating, the water temperature must be higher in cast iron.
Installation of a heating battery according to standards
When assessing the comfort of housing, the temperature in the heating system is not the main indicator. Temperature standards refer to the state of the atmosphere in the apartment.
Ways to rectify the situation
If you find that the batteries really heat up too weakly, then you can file a complaint with the authorities dealing with these issues.However, first you should try to resolve the issue peacefully by contacting the management company that deals with your home.
From there, a specialist should be sent who will take measurements and reflect this in the official act. Further, the situation can develop in two ways. Or the management company will somehow solve the problem with those who are responsible for heating the coolant, and your house will finally get warm. Either the air temperature will remain the same, but you will be recalculated for heating according to the current situation.
But here you should take into account the following nuance. All these actions are good if the problem really lies in the station where the coolant is heated. But there are other situations:
- airing radiators in your apartment. Simply put, air accumulates in them. It forms a plug that prevents the coolant from flowing, hence the lowering of the battery temperature. If old cast-iron radiators are installed in your apartment, then you will have to call specialists of the appropriate profile to solve the problem. If we are talking about modern batteries, then many of them are equipped with a Mayevsky crane - a small device with which you can independently release excess air from the equipment. As soon as you do this, the intensity of the coolant current will be resumed and the problem will disappear;
- high level of heat loss. Agree, if your window is broken, or a large crack has formed in the wall, then even the most heated batteries will not save the situation, for example, at -30 degrees. A lot of heat goes out through such holes, and it will not work to replenish it with the help of a centralized heating system. If the problem really lies in the windows - for example, the glass is actually broken, or there are simply old wooden double-glazed windows - then nothing can be done about it, you will have to correct the situation on your own. Fortunately, now there are many companies engaged in the installation of plastic windows in a fairly short time. Of course, you will have to spend money, but in the end you will get a warm apartment and - as a bonus - reliable protection from street noise. If the problem lies in a cracked wall, then there is a different algorithm of actions. The management company, together with the developer, is responsible for such situations. Therefore, you, again, need to go there and demand an examination of the condition of the house. In an amicable way, the result of such actions should be a major overhaul or at least insulation of the walls from the outside.
Alternative methods
If the problem is still with the batteries, then it usually takes a long time to correct the situation. If it happens in winter, then the tenants of the apartment have to freeze. In addition, it also happens that the batteries and the air temperature fully comply with the normative indicators, but you would still like it to be warmer.
The solution to this problem is quite simple. It consists in installing additional heating equipment. Some of them can not only heat the premises, but also bring additional comfort with them.
For example, almost everyone likes the underfloor heating system, since it is very pleasant to stand on a heated surface. The most popular type is infrared film. It copes with its functions very efficiently, serves for a long time and reliably, does not carry any harm to the environment, and even installs easily - even an absolutely inexperienced master can do this, since the entire installation procedure consists in rolling the film over the floor surface, and then in the way finish on top of it.
There is also a cable electric underfloor heating, but this raises many more questions. For example, its installation involves pouring the floor with a concrete screed. And it is difficult, for a long time, and even the space is getting smaller.Not to mention the increasing load on the floors, which not every house can afford. In general, whatever one may say, but the infrared option is a well-deserved leader among such systems.
In addition, a conventional heater is also available. There are many varieties to suit every taste. For example, a small fan heater is perfect for small spaces. It almost does not take up space, works quite quietly, and at the same time calmly copes with twenty squares of the area.
If you want something more impressive, that is, oil, electric, infrared heaters. In one of the articles on our website, you can read about the advantages and disadvantages of each variety - this will help you make the best choice.
Dear friends, since you now know what the temperature should be in your home, you can successfully deal with this issue if you have any problems. Remember that warmth in the house is not only comfort, but also the state of health of your loved ones. It's worth fighting for. Good luck!
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The annual rise in the price of resources makes the end consumer think not only about their savings, but also about the quality of the provided utilities. One of the most significant expenditure items in paying for an apartment is heating, so consumers monitor its parameters especially carefully. To do this, it is worth finding out what is the temperature of the batteries in the apartment in 2019.
Pyrometer and how to work with it
A pyrometer is an infrared thermometer. He determines the temperature by electromagnetic radiation. An accurate engineering device allows you to quickly measure the temperature of an object located at a distance not exceeding three meters from the device.
Heating rates
But even this excellent equipment is capable of giving errors, which is what negligent utilities use. When measuring the temperature, the readings of the device will be erroneous if:
- in a relatively small room, there are many objects made of various materials;
- the room has high humidity or a lot of dust;
- the temperature of the device differs significantly from the temperature of the room;
- the distance to the measured object exceeds 3 m;
- the room is very large.
How to measure the temperature of the batteries yourself?
A pyrometer is usually used for measurement, but a regular thermometer is also suitable. When registering the temperature, the thermometer must add 1-2 degrees to its readings.
You can tie an alcohol thermometer to the battery to record the level of heat from the battery. You need to tie it very tightly, covering the device with heat-insulating material.
ATTENTION! All devices that independently measure the level of heat must have a quality certificate. It is recommended to select a device with a range of 5 to 40 degrees.
What determines the weather in the house
Modern equipment allows, without much human intervention, to maintain the norms for supplying hot water to heating radiators. But the number on the device is one thing, and the real warmth in the apartment is quite another. The final result depends on many parameters:
- The climate of the area of residence. In Moscow, with a drier climate, the cold is felt less than in St. Petersburg with its dampness.
- Thermal conductivity of the structure. Houses built of bricks have less thermal conductivity than block houses. As a result, the temperature of the water in the heating radiators can be lower due to less heat loss.
- The location of the apartment in the house.Corner rooms freeze more than apartments located in the center of the house. Heat loss in heating radiators will be greater.
- Decoration Materials. Walls covered with heat-saving wallpaper retain heat longer. This reduces heat loss from radiators and central heating radiators.
- Heating radiator material. Cast iron batteries give off less heat than steel ones.
Temperature norm in external networks
All these indicators will affect the atmosphere in the house, regardless of the heating temperature standards. It also doesn't matter how hot the radiators or batteries are in the apartment.
Heating system requirements
Heating in apartment buildings is based on many engineering calculations that are not always very successful. The process is complicated by the fact that it is not about delivering hot water to a specific property, but about evenly distributing water across all available apartments, taking into account all norms and necessary indicators, including optimal humidity.
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The effectiveness of such a system depends on how well coordinated the actions of its elements, which also include batteries and pipes in each room. Therefore, it is impossible to replace radiator batteries without taking into account the peculiarities of heating systems - this leads to negative consequences with a heat deficit or, on the contrary, an excess of it.
As for the optimization of heating in apartments, the following provisions apply here:
- Safety requirements are determined by the conformity of the temperature of the thermal media - the temperature in the battery should not be more than twenty degrees from that at which the materials can ignite (the permissible limits are from sixty-five degrees to one hundred and fifteen, depending on the season);
- Water temperature up to one hundred and five degrees Celsius - the basis for taking measures against boiling liquids;
- The standard limits of the temperature of the water that flows through the heating batteries is seventy-five degrees, if the indicator is exceeded, the batteries must have restrictive structures;
- In mid-latitudes, the heating season begins from mid-October to mid-April.
In any case, if the owner is embarrassed by something, it is worth contacting the management company, housing and communal services, the organization responsible for the supply of heat, depending on what exactly differs from the accepted norms and does not satisfy the applicant.
Fight for warmth
It is better to think about possible heat loss of the home in the summer. But if this was not done, then it is possible to insulate the house with the onset of winter. The first thing to do is to identify weak points where heat loss is possible.
Windows by norms
The main source of cold is windows. Nowadays there are double-glazed windows almost everywhere above radiators and radiators. But even plastic window frames are aging. The sealing rubber becomes unusable.
Central heating in the apartment
The windows are starting to let in the cold. The easiest way is to stretch plastic wrap over the frames. It is sold in rolls in stores. This material has no effect on the transparency of the glass. Heat loss in radiators or radiators will decrease.
The film is fixed to the glass. Before this, the frames are thoroughly washed. Double-sided tape is glued around the perimeter. A film is attached to it. It is easier to do this together.
Battery on the wall
If wrinkles have formed on the coating, the film is heated with a hairdryer until they are straightened out. Then it remains to glue the frames. Do it with one-sided tape. This simple method helps to retain up to 20% of the heat.
You should open the curtains and open the blinds every morning.The apartment is perfectly warmed by the sunlight that enters the room through the glass. Double glazing in the frames creates a magnifying effect, enhancing the warmth of the sunlight. When it gets dark, the windows should be closed. In the dark, glass draws heat from the room.
Radiator under the center window
What to do in case of inconsistencies?
If the operating applied heating systems of an apartment building are functionally adjusted with deviations in the measured temperature only in your premises, you need to check the internal apartment heating systems. First of all, you should make sure that they are not airborne. It is necessary to touch the individual batteries available on the living space in the rooms from top to bottom and in the opposite direction - if the temperature is uneven, then the cause of the imbalance is airing and you need to release the air by turning a separate tap on the radiator batteries.
you should check the places on the battery that were cold - they should now be warm.
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If the reason is not in the air, you need to submit an application to the management company. In turn, she must, within 24 hours, send a responsible technician to the applicant, who must draw up a written opinion on the inconsistency of the temperature regime and send the team to fix the existing problems.
If the management company did not react to the complaint in any way, you need to make measurements yourself in the presence of neighbors.
