One of the prerequisites for a comfortable stay in an apartment is to maintain a certain temperature.
To comply with this condition, during the cold season, residential premises in apartment buildings are heated using a centralized heating system.
The supply of the body is made on the basis of an agreement concluded by the consumer directly with the heat supply company or through the Management Company, housing cooperative, HOA. According to the contract, the contractor must ensure the temperature established by legal norms, in which case he receives payment for the service according to the tariff.
Temperature standards are practically the same for all regions, and maximum permissible deviations in the daytime and at night are also established. If the air measurement in the dwelling shows more significant deviations, the consumer has the right to recalculate. The heat supply company can be punished for improper performance of its obligations and conditions of the contract.
IMPORTANT! To apply for recalculation, it is imperative to draw up an act of measuring the temperature in the apartment, a sample of which must be in each Management and Heat Supply Company.
What is the act for?
When it is still cold in the apartment during the heating season, the air temperature is clearly different from the norm, tenants begin to complain first to the Management Company, then to Rospotrebnadzor or the Housing Inspectorate. They want to achieve warmth in their home, as well as recalculation for poor quality services.
The application for recalculation must be accompanied by a document that proves the discrepancy between the actual temperature and the standard. Such a document will be an act of measurement, which must be drawn up and signed correctly.
For drawing up, a commission should be collected, which includes a representative of the management company, a tenant of an apartment, and other persons.
If the Criminal Code does not want to send its employee in order to measure the temperature in the living room, the tenants of the apartment can draw up an act on their own by fulfilling the necessary requirements:
- The document will be needed to recalculate the payment for heating. Provided that the measurement actually shows a low temperature that does not meet the standards (even taking into account the deviation).
- The act will be applied to applications to various instances - to the Criminal Code, to ZhI, to Rospotrebnadzor, the prosecutor's office, and the court. Sometimes consumers of utilities sometimes have to go all the way with complaints before the result is achieved - there is warmth in the house.
ACT of checking the quality of the provision of heat supply services (heating and hot water supply)
Commission for checking the quality of utilities, consisting of:
1. Representative of the resource supplying organization ________________________________________________________
2. Representative of an organization transporting heat energy ________________________________________
3. Representative of the Managing Organization _______________________________________________________________
4. Representative of the consumer (tenant of the house) ________________________________________________________________
issued this act stating that at the time of verification _____________________________________________________
(date, time) in the house number ______ on the street ________________________ during the inspection of the premises, the following was established.
1. The outside air temperature at the time of inspection was _________ o С
Heat carrier parameters from a heat source (1 circuit):
At the input to the central heating station (CHP) ______, to the heat pumping station (HPS) ______ (mixing),
thermal unit of an organization that transports thermal energy
a) in the supply pipeline, pressure P1 ____________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T1 _____________ o C1 circuit
b) in the return pipeline pressure P2 _____________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T2 _____________ о С 1 circuit
Parameters of the coolant at the outlet of the central heating station _______, HPS _______ (mixing), (2 circuits) of the organization,
transporting thermal energy
a) into the supply pipeline pressure Р11 ___________ kgf / cm 2 temperature Т11 ____________ о С 2 circuit
b) into the return pipeline of the organization transporting thermal energy pressure P21 ___________ kgf / cm 2
temperature T21 ____________ о С 2 circuit
c) hot water pipeline pressure P3 ___________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T3 ____________ о С 2 circuit
d) circulation pipeline pressure Р4 _________ kgf / cm 2 temperature Т4 __________ о С 2 circuit
At the entrance to the residential building No. _____ on the street __________________________________________
a) into the supply pipeline pressure P11 ___________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T11 _____________ о С 2 circuit
b) in the return pipeline pressure Р21 ____________ kgf / cm 2 temperature Т21 ____________ о С 2 circuit
c) hot water pipeline pressure P3 ____________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T3 ____________ о С 2 circuit
d) circulation pipeline pressure P4 _________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T4 ____________ о С 2 circuit
At the exit from the heating unit of a residential building No. ________ on the street _____________________
a) into the supply pipeline pressure P11 ___________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T11 _____________ о С 2 circuit
b) in the return pipeline pressure Р21 ___________ kgf / cm 2 temperature Т21 ____________ о С 2 circuit
c) hot water pipeline pressure P3 ____________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T3 _____________ о С 2 circuit
d) circulation pipeline pressure P4 ________ kgf / cm 2 temperature T4 ___________ о С 2 circuit
e) hydraulic testing of equipment and pipelines of the central heating station, HPS and the heating unit of the organization,
transporting thermal energy, resource supplying organization _________________________
2. Residential building, central heating and hot water supply system serviced by
a) hydropneumatic flushing of the central heating system in agreement with the resource supplying
organization (does it comply with the preparedness plans for
b) hydraulic tests of equipment and pipelines of the central heating station, HPS and heating unit as agreed
with a resource supplying organization __________________________________________________________________________
c) circulation pipeline of the hot water supply system _________________________________________
d) window openings in the basement _____________________________, in the entrance _________________________________________
e) entrance doors, vestibule doors in entrances and doors on transitional staircases ________________
3. When examining the apartments, the following was found.
Measurement of insulation of window and door openings of the apartment
Temperature from the inner surface of the outer wall and the heater at 0.5 m in the center of the room at a height of 0.1-2 m, but not closer than 1 m from the ceiling with ceiling heating, o С
Hot water temperature at the point of draw-off, о С
The Commission for checking the quality of utilities found that the parameters of services in the surveyed
apartments on complaints do not comply with GOST (air temperature at the inner wall of the room +18 o C).
For a shortage of heat received for a period of ____ days, a recalculation of _____% will be made
The managing organization in the amount of ______________%, the resource supplying organization _________%,
organizations transporting thermal energy ____________________________%
The number and type of measuring instruments used and data on the state metrological
Representative of the resource supplying organization _________________________________________________________
Representative of an organization transporting heat energy _________________________________________
Representative of the Managing Organization _________________________________________________________________
Consumer representative (house tenant) ________________________________________________________________
One of the prerequisites for a comfortable stay in an apartment is to maintain a certain temperature.
When to complain about a low temperature
Residents may simply feel the coldness in the apartment, but this is not enough to write a complaint, demand a recalculation. You will need to study the temperature standards in the living room, as well as measure the real indicators and compare them with the norms.
Only when the officially recorded temperature differs from the standard, when a measurement report is drawn up, you can file a complaint. What laws regulate heating standards?
- This is SNIP number 2.1.2.2645-10.
- And GOST under the number R-51617-2000.
These official documents determine the permissible temperature indicators for each dwelling, including the permissible deviations. According to the norms, the minimum temperature cannot fall below 15 degrees, and the maximum cannot rise above 30 degrees.
ATTENTION! The low temperature in the apartment is not always the fault of the heat supply company; the reason for it may be high heat loss in the house.
Rooms with poor thermal insulation cannot retain heat, even if the hot water in the batteries has the required temperature index. And in this case, you will first need to take care of high-quality thermal insulation, and only then check the temperature of the water in the heating pipes and the temperature in the apartment.
Normative base
Temperature standards in residential premises are established by law. The temperature in the apartment is regulated by GOST 30494-2011 "Indoor microclimate parameters".
According to this document, the air in each room must be heated in accordance with its functional purpose. The parameters of heat supply for each room have been set. The average temperature for the entire apartment is also displayed. It is 20 - 22 degrees.
Attention! If you have any questions, you can consult for free in the chat with a lawyer at the bottom of the screen or call Moscow; St. Petersburg; ext. 480 Free call for all of Russia.
How to write a statement
If the thermometer shows a low air temperature in the apartment, you need to contact the Management Company immediately.
At first, you can simply call the dispatcher of the management company and leave a statement about this fact. The dispatcher is obliged to fix the call, transfer the information to the relevant employees.
The applicant needs to record for himself the data of the dispatcher who received the call and the time of the call.
The next step is to write an application for measuring the temperature in the apartment. It is submitted to the name of the Management Company, through which an agreement was drawn up with the heat supply organization. This application must be made in two copies, both must be registered, one copy remains with the applicant... A statement is drawn up taking into account certain requirements:
- At the beginning, the data of the head of the Management Company is written.
- Then you should indicate information about the applicant, including his contact details.
- The main part is an indication of the reasons for the check. The temperature in the apartment may differ from the norm both in the direction of decreasing and in the direction of increasing.
- It is imperative to indicate the regulatory standards by which the temperature must be maintained.
- In such a measurement application, you can demand to restore the temperature in the apartment, check the operation of the heating system, and recalculate the payment for heating.
- The application is signed by the person who submits it. The date of compilation must also be set.
When developing the temperature regime for heating residential premises, as well as when drawing up an act on measurement, several legislative acts are used:
- SanPiN under the number 2.1.2.2645-10.
- GOSTs numbered 30494-96 and R-51617-2000.
- Government Decree No. 354 on the rules for the provision of utilities for MKD.
How to correctly measure the air temperature in the apartment
The law established a parameter for living quarters during the heating season of +18 ° C (in areas where the temperature is -31 ° C for 5 days in a row, the standard is + 20 ° C). The management company is responsible for its maintenance.
To prove the discrepancy, it is necessary to measure the air temperature in the apartment.
How to measure air temperature
Measurements in rooms can be done using a mercury or electronic thermometer.
Can I do it myself
If there are suspicions that the air is colder than the prescribed norm, an experiment performed on your own will help to make sure. But using these results as an official confirmation of violations by the management company will not work.
In order for the act to be considered a legal document, measurements must be made by a state organization using special attorney equipment.
A home thermometer does not meet these criteria. But independent research makes sense before calling a competent organization, as it will make it possible to verify the correctness of suspicions.
How to measure correctly
You can use a home thermometer, buying a specialized one is pointless. It should be measured by an accredited organization, but it costs much more. When experimenting, you should take into account the nuances:
- first you need to make sure that windows, doors are tightly closed;
- the device should not be exposed to heating or cooling devices, direct sunlight;
- when measuring, you do not need to hold it in your hands, so as not to increase the readings;
- allow the thermometer to record the reading (10 minutes);
- the use of several different devices will give more objective results;
- you need to measure the temperature of at least two living rooms, depending on the construction features of the apartment;
- it is advisable to measure in the center of the rooms, to display the average result.
Who can make measurements by law
If the house is cold, the first step is to contact the emergency dispatch service, where it will be recorded, the applicant is informed of the number, date and surname of the person who accepted the application, and to the management of the management company.
It is it that is legally responsible for maintaining a normal temperature.
In the application, request a check for inspection of the apartment, fixing the fact of cold air. The commission must agree on the date and time of work with the tenants, and present a certificate of verification of measuring instruments before the procedure.
If the applicant does not establish otherwise, then the check must be carried out within two hours from the moment of the request.
If the owners do not agree with the results or consider them falsified, representatives of the state housing supervision and Rospotrebnadzor are invited to take temperature measurements (free of charge). They also have the right to apply to an independent expert organization. SES provides similar services.
When choosing an organization, it is necessary to take into account the presence of an accreditation certificate for conducting such activities, check whether thermometers or pyrometers are provided with timely verification. Otherwise, the results will be invalidated and the money will be wasted.
The cost of services is quite high, it can go up to 10,000 rubles. The customer will have to pay, but later they can be returned if you go to court with a claim, where you can apply for compensation.
We draw up a statement for measurement
The paper to the management company about the measurement is drawn up according to the following algorithm:
- The cap contains the name of the Criminal Code, the full name of the head, as well as the applicant's data, including phone number and other contacts.
- The main part contains the requirement to make a commission measurement of the air temperature at a specific address, since for a long time it is kept at a level that does not comply with the legislation (18 ° C). It is necessary to refer to the normative acts that are violated, to give examples of your own measurement results.
- Date of compilation, signature.
The appendices will be a copy of the certificate of ownership, paid receipts for the communal flat, certificates of measurements drawn up by residents, an agreement for the provision of services.
Online application
Theoretically, an application for measurements can be submitted via the Internet, if it is provided by the official portal of the management company. There are also sample applications.
TIP! You can only be sure that the claim has reached the addressee if you deliver it personally and register it with the office. The presence of a notification of receipt of a letter in the mail is also proof of sending.
Measurement rules for standards
The legislation clearly regulates the process of studying the microclimate of an apartment.
How is it measured
GOST establishes the rules for fixing air temperature measurements in living rooms:
- If it is relatively warm outside in winter, above -5 ° C, the sun is shining, the temperature is not measured. The room is warmed up, the result will be distorted.
- You need to measure at the level of 0.1, 0.6 and 1.7 m from the floor.
- The experiment must be carried out in two rooms with an area of at least 5 m2.
- Only certified, verified in accordance with the established procedure, measuring instruments are used.
- The organization must have an accreditation certificate.
- Contractors must apply approved methods, formulas for calculating the total.
When measuring, the commission must use a device that meets the requirements of GOST 30494-96, the thermometer must be certified, have an unexpired state verification certificate issued by the Center for Metrology and Standardization of your region.
Things to Consider
When an application for measuring work in an apartment is transmitted, it must be transferred to the heat supply organization or to employees of the management company who have permission to perform such a service.:
- For the measurement, a commission must be created, which includes a representative from the Criminal Code or a heat supply organization.
- The measurement is carried out with special certified devices. The presence of a certificate is required, it should be checked with the workers who come to the facility.
- The commission arrives at the applicant at the time agreed with him.
- On the street, if it happens in winter, it should not be less than five degrees below zero.
- The temperature should be measured separately in each room.
Document requirements
The commission must have a deed form. If it is drawn up without it, the following points must be followed:
- The document indicates the full and exact address of the apartment. Owner information must also be recorded.
- Then comes the listing of the characteristics of the housing. The number of rooms, the floor of the room, how much the housing is insulated is indicated.
- Technical characteristics of the heating system are also given. What should be in them? Wiring diagram, outdoor temperature of heat exchangers, actual temperature of the heat carriers (both in the supply and in the return).
- The temperature and humidity of the air, the temperature of the inner surface of the wall are indicated.
- As a result of the act, the reasons for the fact that the temperature in the apartment is lowered or increased must be indicated (or indicated).
The drawn up and signed act is transferred to the Management Company or to the heat supply organization, they must take measures to remedy the situation.
ATTENTION! Measures after receiving the act must be taken within a week.
If there is no reaction, the consumer has the right to contact the prosecutor's office, Rospotrebnadzor. In extreme circumstances - to the court. But it is important that the claim to the court was drawn up after the appeal to other organizations did not give a result. It is important to have on hand evidence of attempts at pre-trial settlement of the problem.
Possible outcomes of the complaint
After receiving a complaint about the temperature discrepancy in the apartment, the housing and communal services company must eliminate the violations in the near future. If this did not happen within a week, the user has the right to contact any regulatory authority. Complaints about violations of the temperature regime in the dwelling are considered by the State Housing Inspectorate, the Prosecutor's Office or Rospotrebnadzor. The complaint can be taken to the place of destination in person, or it can be sent by regular or e-mail.
The term for consideration of a claim is usually a month.You can also file a claim on the website https://dom.gosuslugi.ru, the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights or Rostekhnadzor.
In some cases, during the proceedings, the reasons for the violation of the temperature regime in the living quarters, which arose through no fault of the ZhEK employees, may be identified. In such cases, recalculation is difficult or impossible to achieve.
We are talking about the following cases:
- poor quality of windows and doors, violation or absence of the insulation layer of the walls in the apartment, entailing large heat losses;
- the presence of air congestion in the risers;
- reduced heat transfer in radiators.
In these cases, recalculation is a controversial issue and is not unambiguously resolved.
How to measure yourself
Ordinary consumers of utilities do not have certified equipment for measuring room temperature, they can only do this work with ordinary thermometers.
But in order to have grounds to contact the Criminal Code to call the commission and professional measurement, you can first carry out the work yourself. It is important to comply with the measurement requirements:
- It is impossible to measure the air temperature in the apartment on a sunny day, since the sun's rays slightly heat the room.
- In winter, you should choose a day for the procedure when the thermometer outside shows below 5 degrees of frost.
- It is important to take into account the technical condition of the room - the integrity and age of the windows, the presence of interpanel cracks in the walls of the house, and other sources of heat leakage.
- You need to measure the temperature in two rooms, twice - with an interval of 5 minutes.
- The thermometer must be of high quality, reliable, it is placed at a distance of at least one meter from the outer wall and at least one and a half meters from the floor.
- The results of such an independent measurement can be transferred to the dispatcher when contacting the MC.
Standards
SanPiN under the number 2.1.2.2645-10 and the Appendix to the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor, approved under the number 175 in 2010, indicate the temperature standards in the heating season in different rooms of the apartment. It is important to take them into account for the tenants of the house, especially when it is necessary to require a recalculation for heating:
- In living rooms, a temperature regime of 18 to 24 degrees Celsius is allowed.
- In the kitchen, in the bathroom, it can be from 18 to 26 degrees.
- In the corridor between apartments, the temperature must be between 16 and 22 degrees.
- On the staircase - from 14 to 20.
- The temperature in the pantry is according to the standards - from 12 to 22.
