In order for the selection of a pump for the water supply of a private house to be carried out correctly, it is necessary to approach this point "mathematically" - to choose according to a previously compiled algorithm. What is this algorithm and why the selection of a pump for the water supply of a private house should be carried out according to it - see this material.
Before starting the selection of a pump for the water supply of a private house, we sit down at the table, take a pen and paper and begin to fill in the tables and draw diagrams. Further, moving in steps, from the very initial to the final, we can use the selection algorithm to choose a pump for the house.
Pump selection criteria
There is a wide range of products on the pumping equipment market, and each brand has its own wide range of models. This circumstance significantly complicates the choice of the optimal device. To facilitate this task, you should determine the basic requirements that a centrifugal pump must meet. Among the main criteria are the following:
- Power. Calculated depending on performance and lifting height.
- Aggression. The equipment must provide the required volume of water at the time of peak consumption.
- Noisiness. The noise level emitted by the unit during operation must be within an acceptable range.
- Water quality. The nature of the fluid affects the performance of the equipment. The presence of abrasive particles, salts, metal oxides negatively affects the condition of the pump parts and contributes to their early wear.
- Equipment design depending on performance and lifting height.
You can choose a centrifugal pump according to the last criterion, based on the data presented in the table below:
| Lifting height, m | ||
| to 10 | 10 – 100 | 1000 – 1000 |
| single stage | multistage | |
| Productivity, m3 / hour | ||
| to 10 | 10 – 100 | 100 – 1000 |
| single stage | multistage | |
Structurally, multistage pumps differ from single-stage pumps by the presence of several impellers installed in a row on the same shaft from the electric motor. During the operation of the equipment, the liquid passes through all the working parts of the device.
Attention! Centrifugal pumps with a multistage design provide a head several times more than single-stage counterparts with the same performance.
Another important selection criterion is the manufacturer of the product. If you choose between foreign and domestic equipment, then you should take into account the adaptation of imported products to the quality of local water, the instability of the operation of electrical lines.
Power calculation
Centrifugal pumps have several power calculations: useful, which is required for pumping liquid, power on the working shaft, it is more useful because it compensates for friction losses, water resistance, etc. and the power consumption of the electric motor. For the consumer, an important criterion is the useful power, which is calculated by the formula:
Pп = Q * H * g * ρ, where
Pп - useful power, W;
Q - water consumption (productivity), cubic meters / sec;
g - acceleration of gravity, m / s.kv .;
ρ is the density of the liquid, kg / m. cub. (the density of water is 1).
Calculation of performance
The following formulas are used to calculate the performance of a centrifugal pump:
Q = a1 * (D1-b * n) * m1
Q = a2 * (D2-b * n) * m2, where
Q - productivity (water consumption), cubic meters / sec;
a1, a2 - the width of the passage on the wheel and the inlet pipe, respectively, m;
D1, D2 - the outer diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the inlet pipe, respectively, m;
b - blade thickness, m;
n is the number of blades;
m1, m2 - the absolute speed of the liquid before entering (1) into the impeller and after passing through it (2), the calculation takes into account only the radial component, m / s.
Calculation of pressure
The value of the head delivered by a centrifugal pump does not refer to the geometric characteristics of the equipment. Therefore, this criterion cannot be used to judge the maximum lifting height of the liquid, it is calculated separately. The amount of head can be calculated using a simplified formula, which is derived from the condition that the inlet and outlet pipes have the same diameters:
W = (N1-N2) / (ρ + g) + Hп + Sп, where
W - head, m;
N1, N2 - pressure in the intake and intake tanks, respectively, Pa;
Ρ is the density of the liquid, kg / m. cube;
g - acceleration of gravity, m / s.kv .;
Hп - water rise height, m;
Sп - all losses for raising the liquid to the required level, m.
When determining the height of the rise of water, the configuration of the pipeline is not taken into account, which can have several ascents and descents. The formula takes into account only the geometric height from the surface of the liquid to the highest point of water intake in the building. The total losses Sп take into account the resistance to the movement of the liquid through the pipe, which depends on the configuration of the pipeline. On the path of water movement, bends, shut-off valves, pipe contractions and expansions, various bends and auxiliary lines can be encountered.
The noise level emitted by the pump during operation must be within an acceptable range
Suction lift calculation
It is recommended to calculate the suction height according to the following formula, which takes into account the necessary margin at which there will be no cavitation:
Wz = 0.3 * (Q * n2) 2/3, where
Wz - the required headroom, m
Q - productivity, cube / sec ;;
n is the rotation frequency of the pump working body, s-1.
Cavitation is a process that occurs due to a high pressure difference inside the pump. It is accompanied by a decrease in the temperature of the liquid inside the device in relation to the intake water. This causes the transported water to boil, which results in a water hammer in the system.
Attention! Multiple hydraulic shocks occurring in the pipeline significantly affect the performance of the centrifugal pump and reduce its service life several times. As a result, it is necessary to overhaul equipment or replace it.
A properly selected centrifugal pump will lift water to the required height without compromising performance. Its stable and reliable operation will help to equip a full-fledged heating system in the house and save money.
Parameters for choosing a water pump for home
It is very important to choose the right pump for your home. To do this, you need to know what factors to pay attention to.
You should purchase a water pump exclusively in trusted stores that give a guarantee for the product.
How to choose a pump for a private house:
- Decide what you want to get from the pump. How much water should he pump over a certain amount of time, and how strong the pressure should be.
- Pay attention to the bandwidth of the sample you like, its power, etc.
- It is very important to consider the manufacturer of the product. He must have good reviews.
You also need to look at the dimensions of the product. However, the most important thing is to calculate your budget in advance.
Choosing a pump for pumping water is not an easy task. After all, there are a lot of options for such products. However, by following our advice, you should be able to cope.
How to choose the right pump for a well
When choosing equipment, several factors are taken into account, belonging to the following categories:
- Place of installation. All types of devices are divided into surface and submersible. In the first case, the motor winding is cooled naturally or with the help of a fan installed in the rear of the case. Submersible devices are cooled by water.
- Operating principle. When deciding which pump to choose, take into account that most devices work in a centrifugal way. The units are distinguished by increased productivity and high efficiency. For working with dirty water, vibration and screw devices are used, which have a low price. Vortex models are used less often, working only with pure liquid.
- Specifications. These are important criteria for the selection of a borehole pump, which include the volume of pumped fluid, pressure and depth of immersion under water, and the size of the passed impurities. Pay attention to the power, moisture protection class, the presence of a relay that is triggered when overheating.
- Design. The structure of models of popular brands differs from that of cheaper counterparts. This can affect the efficiency and service life of the device.
- Dimensions. The main parameter is the outer diameter, measured in inches.
- Manufacturing material. In most cases, submerged parts are made of durable plastic or stainless steel. In budget models, elements can be made from low-quality materials.
Recommendations for choosing a model for the country
The choice of a pump model for a summer residence should be made based on the following parameters and criteria:
- If the dacha is intended for a seasonal stay, then it is better to choose a portable surface-type device.
- Depth of water occurrence. Up to 10 m - surface models are used, over 10 m - submersible.
- The distance of the well or well from the house. Every 10 meters of horizontal surface equals 1 meter of depth feed. Based on this, you need to choose the power of the device.
- Maximum water consumption. The calculation is carried out depending on the number of points of consumption. A seasonal non-capital summer cottage does not require the purchase of high-performance pumps. If the house has a sink, shower and washing machine, then the capacity should be at least 2.0 m3 / hour or 2000 l / hour.
- Number of storeys of the cottage. The lifting height should add up to 2 meters of the house on each floor.
- The pressure level in the water supply. If it is low, a vortex design will be required.
- The planned pump capacity must be increased by 10% to account for hydraulic losses.
When choosing, the exactingness to the quality and price of equipment is also important. Vibrating pumps have the shortest service life.
Rating
Before buying a submersible pump, you need to pay attention to the variety of models. On the market. They differ from each other in technical characteristics, cost and functionality. That is why, before buying, you should analyze the main features of the most popular and best-selling devices.
Grundfos SQ 2-55
This well pump is designed to work with clean water. The manufacturer has provided an engine idle protection system. The power unit starts up smoothly. This prevents water hammering.
The design of the model is based on the Pcut-out system. It cuts off the power to the device in cases where the water in the well falls below the location of the pump. This prevents overheating of the engine.
The hydraulic parts of the device are made of polyamide. The manufacturer additionally reinforced it using fiberglass. As a result, the efficiency of the device has increased. Additionally, energy costs have also been reduced.
This model uses rotors. Their work is provided by special electromagnets. The product has floating impellers. All of them are equipped with independent bearings.
Device advantages:
- Good build quality.
- Reliable details.
- The presence of several protective systems.
- Smooth start of the motor.
- Resistant to wear and tear.
The model also has certain disadvantages:
- The need to ensure the purity of water.
- Failure when medium or large particles enter the system.
Despite the above disadvantages, the device is in demand.
ZHILEKS Vodomet PROF 55/75 House
This model is distinguished by its versatility. It can be installed to take water from wells, wells and even open water bodies. The device manufacturer exceeds 3 cubic meters per hour. At the same time, the water pressure reaches 75 meters.
The diameter of the model's case is 98 millimeters. Together with the pump, the buyer receives, among other things, a special reservoir for storing water. It works by means of an automatic system that can be customized according to needs. The set includes shut-off valves, pressure sensor and cartridge filter.
The manufacturer has provided several protection systems. The device is not afraid of even significant voltage drops.
In addition, it also has the following advantages:
- Correspondence of price to quality.
- High head power.
- Presence of settings.
- Several protective systems.
- Significant service life.
Disadvantages of the model:
- Insufficient tank volume;
- The need to protect the tank from the cold.
This model is often used to equip wells at sites.
Aquarius BTsPE 0.5-50U
This device is also designed for wells. Despite this, this centrifugal model can be used for other purposes as well. The device does not need constant technical inspections, as it can function for a long time without any significant problems.
The minimum borehole diameter in which the pump can be placed is 110 millimeters. These are the requirements for the above model. The manufacturer referred to the protective functions as the systems that control the heating of the engine and the pressure level.
The main advantages of the model:
- High level of performance.
- Reliable build.
- Relatively high outlet water pressure.
- Small size.
- Quiet work.
The disadvantages of the device include such disadvantages as:
- Impossibility to use when water is polluted.
- The cost is above average.
Additionally, it is worth paying attention to the fact that this pump can also be connected to a centralized water supply system. It must be equipped with several systems. These include an expansion tank, a hydraulic accumulator and a pressure switch.
Technopribor Rucheek-Technopribor 1
This vibration model is a device designed to take water from a well. In this case, the water temperature should not be higher than 35 degrees Celsius. The presence of silt in the fluid can prevent the instrument from functioning. That is why the pump is not recommended for use in open water.
The water pressure, which this model creates, reaches 100 meters in the horizontal plane. The manufacturer has provided an overheating protection system. It functions by continuously cooling the engine with water. In the event of overloads, a special sensor can turn off the power of the device.
The service life of the device is quite significant. This is due to the absence of parts rubbing against each other. The model is guaranteed for a correct operation of 2.5 years.
The main advantages of this pump are as follows:
- Robust case.
- High level of wear resistance.
- Cheapness.
- Reliable performance.
The disadvantages of the device include such features as:
- Possibility of silt formation at the bottom of the tank.
- Complexity of use in wells.
Despite the above features of operation, the pump is often used in cases where there is a low probability of foreign particles entering the water.
DZHILEKS Water cannon PROF 55/50 A
The manufacturer has equipped the model with a mechanical float switch. The performance of this pump is quite significant. It is about 3.5 cubic meters per hour. The power of the engine of the device allows to provide a head of about 50 meters.
Due to the fact that the diameter of the model body is 98 millimeters, it can be placed not only in wells. Such a device is often used to create an automatic water supply system.
The pump has a floating wheel. As a result, it can lift, including highly polluted water. It is allowed to contain 2 kilograms of sand per 1 cubic meter of liquid.
The device comes with a capacitor along with a cable. In the absence of water, a thermal relay is provided in the device to prevent idling.
The advantages of the model are as follows:
- Insignificant price.
- Functioning efficiency.
- Long service life.
- Ability to work even with dirty water.
- The presence of several protection systems.
Disadvantages of the pump:
- Lack of voltage stabilizer.
- The need to install a check valve.
The check valve can be installed both on the pump and in the vicinity of it - at a distance of no more than 7 meters.
DAB DIVERTRON 1200
This model is considered the best pump that is able to raise water from wells. With this device, the buyer can create an autonomous water supply system that does not require the installation of an expansion tank.
To prevent idling, the manufacturer has provided several systems. Not only the thermostat can be seen on the device. The device has a flow sensor. To reduce the ingress of solid particles into the area of moving elements, the pump has a special coarse water filter.
The diameter of the wells in which the model can fit must be at least 80 centimeters. Most of the parts are made of thermopolymer materials. They are resistant to corrosion. Stainless steel was used to manufacture the suction grill and motor shroud. The manufacturer of the model is 5.7 cubic meters per hour.
The advantages of the device:
- Reliability of work.
- Easy to install.
- Lack of expansion tank.
The disadvantages of the model are as follows:
- High pressure in the first seconds after starting.
- Relatively high cost.
Due to the fact that this pump is one of the best models, it is in significant demand from buyers.
Grundfos Unilift KP 150-A1
This drainage model is well suited for very dirty water. It can be used to clean tanks, swimming pools, basements, cellars, etc. Stainless steel is used for the production of the device body. Additionally, the device has stiffening ribs. As a result, the model is very robust.
Solids in the water can pass through the pump. Their diameter should not exceed 10 millimeters. The manufacturer has equipped the device with powerful motors. Its capacity is over 9 cubic meters of water per hour.
The advantages of the model are as follows:
- Small size.
- Ease of use.
- Low weight.
- Reliability.
- Durability.
Disadvantages of the pump:
- Lack of filter.
- The need to install a check valve.
Despite the above disadvantages, the device is one of the best drainage type models.
Why do you need a water pump for your home
A water pump is a device that, using physical force, pumps water from a well or well into a water supply system. Such a product is an indispensable element of the water supply system of buildings in which the equipment of an autonomous system is required.
If you decide to organize a centralized water supply for a house or summer cottage, then it is best to drill not a well, but a well. After all, it is at the depth of artesian waters that the purest liquid is located.
Thanks to the water pump, you can provide the house with water
Previously, ordinary wells were dug for water supply at home. Such systems were inconvenient to use, so they were soon replaced by full-fledged water pipelines that draw fluid from wells. Let's see what are the advantages of such systems.
What are the advantages of a household water pump:
- The water pump allows you to automate your home's water supply. If without this device you have to raise water from the well manually with a bucket, then with its help the water will be pumped into the pipeline on its own.
- Water-lifting structures allow pumping water from great depths. Therefore, you can use wells rather than wells. After all, artesian springs are cleaner and, unlike gravity waters, do not deplete over time.
- Pumps allow pumping water from a well, which will be completely closed. Thus, debris and insects will not fall into it.
The pumps can also be used to pump water from a well. However, in any case, it is better to use wells for water supply at home. They are cleaner and safer in every way.
Types of household water pumps
Domestic pumps are used everywhere. They allow you to organize uninterrupted and high-quality water supply at home. Therefore, if you do not have the opportunity to connect to a centralized water supply system, then you cannot do without this device.
How the pump works depends on what type of device you choose. Moreover, this indicator can be very different.
At the moment, there are several types of pump. First of all, they are divided into types according to the method and place of their installation. Let's take a look at the possible options.
Varieties of water pumps:
- Submersible pumps are the most commonly used option. Such products are installed directly in a well or well. They are distinguished by their high power. Such pumps are made of expensive waterproof materials. They are heavy and therefore difficult to install. The main disadvantage of such a device is its high cost, which is often three times higher than the price of the surface version.
- Surface pumps are cheaper, but their quality is lower. They are not able to pump water from great depths. Such products are not installed in the well, but at some distance from it. They are made from cheaper materials that are not resistant to moisture and are afraid of dirty water. Also, external pumps are vortex and centrifugal. Their working principle is different, but the advantages and disadvantages remain the same.
Water pumps can be located both inside and outside the home
There are also pumps with an ejector. Such an addition will increase the power of the pump, and hence the depth at which it is capable of operating.
There are built-in and separate ejectors. The pump with built-in ejector is sold as a one-piece design. An external ejector can be added to any pumping station.
