Electric heating at home, types, application features, which is better

As a rule, residents of multi-storey buildings, especially old buildings, are deprived of the privilege of choosing which type of heating to use.

For obvious reasons, water floors are prohibited (load on the heating network) and connecting them to a centralized system without the appropriate permission is fraught with large fines.

Another thing is the electric heating of an apartment in an apartment building, for which even a permit is not required, but there are pitfalls here, in the form of tariffs for electricity and a variety of similar systems.

Before deciding to heat an apartment with electricity, you should carefully study the pros and cons of all types of heaters: from pumps to underfloor heating systems.

ELECTRIC COTTAGE HEATING

Since only electricity is usually supplied to the dacha, then the heating system of the dacha with gas systems is very problematic. But, when planning to use an electric heating system in the country, you should take into account the limit of energy consumption, which is almost always within 5 kW. For heating a summer cottage, more often than others, several methods are used.

The first method is the heating system of the summer cottage with an electric boiler. The advantages of this method are as follows:

there is no combustion process;
low cost in comparison with the diesel "brother";
the ability to select any power;
no need to create fuel reserves;
fire safety (subject to the rules and regulations of the connection).

Among the shortcomings, unreliability is noted if the power lines in the country are old and worn out.

The second way is when electric convectors are used for the heating system of the summer cottage. Devices such as convectors attract with their compactness, mobility, ease of installation, efficiency at a low cost. The convector heats the cottage in a short time, the temperature level can be adjusted.

Convection systems are fireproof and do not make noise. When choosing a convector heater for a summer cottage, the required power is determined at the rate of 100 W per 1 m2 of the cottage area.

The third popular method is wall-mounted economical electric radiators for summer cottages. Their principle of operation is simple. The air is heated near the device, and then by convection or with the help of a fan, it is distributed throughout the entire area of the cottage.

The fact that the device is mounted on the wall does not exclude its fall. For this case, a protective system is provided that immediately turns off the device when it falls, which protects the house from fire in the country.

This method is convenient for giving because heating takes place within a few minutes. There is no noise from their work, so using at night will not cause any inconvenience.

Manufacturers of single-phase (220 V) heating boilers

Power: 3.00 kW, Voltage: 220 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 6.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 4.50 kW, Voltage: 220 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 8.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 6.00 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 9.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 3.00 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Weight: 6.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 9.00 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 10.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 650x230x170

Power: 3.00 kW, Voltage: 220 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 7.50 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 460x258x153

Power: 4.50 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Weight: 6.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 6.00 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Weight: 6.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 9.00 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Weight: 6.00 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 550x230x170

Power: 4.50 kW, Voltage: 220/380 V., No pump, Expansion tank: no, Power stages: 3, Weight: 7.50 kg., Dimensions (HxWxD), mm: 460x258x153

Single-phase electric boilers are heating units powered by 220 V. Their maximum power is 9 kW. Models with a power of 6-9 kW are most often made universal - they can operate from both single-phase and three-phase networks. Single-phase electric boilers are subdivided:

For single-circuit and double-circuit;

Heating elements, electrode and induction;

Simple and electronic.

Single-circuit electric boilers are designed only for space heating. Their double-circuit counterparts are provided with separate heaters for the preparation of hot water. The latter are often called mini-boiler rooms, especially if they are equipped with everything necessary to connect to the heating circuit - this is a safety group, circulation pumps and expansion tanks. Single-circuit models can also be supplemented with pumps and tanks.

The simplest electric single-circuit boilers generate heat due to heating elements immersed in water. The models with "dry" heating elements have the greatest resistance to corrosion. Lime deposits practically do not settle on them, which significantly extends their service life. In electrode boilers, electrodes are responsible for heating the coolant. Being immersed in water (or a special heat carrier), they cause it to heat up due to alternating current. Induction boilers operate due to induction currents flowing through the heat exchanger with the coolant. They are structurally complex, but they are extremely resistant to corrosion.

The simplest single-circuit electric boilers are practically devoid of automation - there is only a stepwise power control. The set temperature is maintained manually or using external automation. Some models are equipped with full-fledged automation that monitors the temperature of the coolant. Also on sale there are boilers that can maintain a certain microclimate at the expense of room sensors.

To find a suitable electric boiler operating from a single-phase power supply, use the catalog of our online store. We will offer you dozens of models - low and high power, with circulation pumps and expansion tanks, or without any built-in piping. You can choose a simple low-power boiler or buy a whole mini-boiler room, including one with built-in weather-dependent automation. There are boilers for sale from domestic and foreign manufacturers - these are almost two dozen of the most famous brands that produce electric heating equipment.

You can buy single-phase boilers intended for power supply from a single-phase electrical network in the catalog of the Teplodvor store. Make your purchase, and we will deliver it across Moscow and Russia. If you have any difficulties with the choice, use the help of our specialists - call the contact phone number or contact them through an online consultant.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric Heating

When choosing the type of heating for a private house, one must take into account the availability of an energy source and the amount of costs for equipment of the system.It is not always possible to connect to the central gas pipeline, and if the pipeline passes not far from the house, the cost of the tie-in can be quite high. It is worth considering the possibility of using electric boilers and comparing them with boilers for diesel and solid fuels.

pros

Easy installation. To operate the system with an electric boiler, it is not required to allocate a separate room for the boiler room and build a chimney.
Safety. The electric boiler does not emit carbon monoxide and soot, there are no combustion products. That is why electric heating is considered the safest.
Low installation costs. To install an electric boiler and underfloor heating, you do not need to fill out numerous papers and obtain a special permit.
Practicality. To provide the house with heat and hot water, you do not need to stock up on firewood, coal, peat briquettes or buy diesel fuel.
Ease of operation. The electric boiler works from the network, it is easily adjusted to the desired operating mode. A solid fuel boiler requires constant monitoring to maintain a constant temperature.

Possibilities of increasing the efficiency of heating with electricity

Despite the fact that utility tariffs continue to rise today, electricity has a solid cost margin compared to other types of energy. Residents of apartment buildings who want to become independent and self-sufficient from central heating should not be intimidated by the high costs. Competent calculation of the heating scheme and the connection of electric heating devices, the transition to multi-tariff meters will allow you to get the necessary heat in the house and regularly save on electricity costs.

In the absence of the technical ability to install gas heating, electric heating will be a real way out of this situation.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric heating in an apartment

Choosing a heating system for a city apartment is a complex and responsible process. For residents of apartment buildings with central heating, the issue of heating housing is easy to solve. It's getting colder, so wait for the heating to turn on. The category of citizens who decided to take care of their own comfort on their own faces a difficult and difficult choice - which type of autonomous heating for an apartment in a multi-storey building to give preference

It is important for the landlord that the system is as efficient as possible, safe to operate and economical. Of all the types of autonomous home heating existing today, heating with electricity meets all of the listed criteria.

The heating season, which many of us are looking forward to, for electrically heated apartments now does not depend on a specific date. With the help of electricity in your apartment, you can at any time achieve an acceptable temperature, create the necessary comfort and microclimate.

Alternative to firewood and gas

Electric heating systems are comfortable and functional. They differ in a number of advantages over others:

environmental friendliness;
the equipment works without creating noise;
power adjustment is possible;
the mode and intensity of heating is selected in each room.

The purchase should be decided after analyzing the cost-effectiveness and benefits of the installation. The process is not cheap and can pay off within a few years.

Electric boilers

The equipment works according to the traditional scheme: the heat carrier is heated due to electricity. It is allowed to pour not only water into the system, but also a small amount of antifreeze. Thanks to this, it will be possible to achieve better heating of the interior. The boiler or boiler must be installed in a special technical room, in the kitchen or in the bathroom.However, a number of mandatory requirements and safety rules are put forward for its placement.

Warm floor

The design involves the use of the floor surface as a radiator. The electric current heats up the individual elements, which begin to emit heat into the surrounding space. An element that is located inside the floor is used as a heat source. In addition, it is possible to achieve a reduction in heat loss due to high-quality intermediate connections.

Convectors and oil heaters

Mobile heaters do not require installation. They can be turned on immediately after purchase. Functioning provides efficient heating of the surrounding area. Other advantages include high speed. For placement, only the presence of a power outlet is important. Today manufacturers offer models that can be hung on the wall or left standing on the floor. Operation should be done carefully if there are small children in the house.

Infrared heaters

This type of equipment belongs to the latest generation. Infrared heaters have the following advantages:

Fast warm-up.
Oxygen is not consumed during operation.
The device does not make noise.
The heat is evenly distributed throughout the room.
Environmentally friendly components ensure complete human safety.
Power does not depend on voltage surges.
Spot heating can be provided.
Saving power consumption.
Fire safety.
Even open pavilions or tents can be used.

No. 6. Fan heaters for summer cottages

A fan heater is another way of back-up heating of a country house. It is not possible to constantly maintain the required temperature for them. Nevertheless, fan heaters have earned great popularity, as:

are inexpensive;
compact and mobile;
allow you to quickly warm up the room;
easy to operate.

Among the disadvantages are inefficiency, fire hazard, noise and unpleasant odor, since dust and dirt particles get onto the red-hot spiral during operation. You cannot warm up a large area with such a device, but for this there are heat curtains and heat guns, which work on the same principle as a fan heater.

The device is quite primitive: air masses are heated due to contact with a heated heating element, and move due to the presence of a fan. Differences only in the type of heating element (spiral is the cheapest, but dangerous, and ceramic is safe, but expensive), power (0.4-2.5 kW), type of control, in the form and shape of the fan.

Operating principle

The principle of operation of electric boilers of different types has the main similarity - it raises the temperature of water or other liquid. The differences in the types of equipment are only in the way of converting electricity into heat.

Boiler with heating element

For boiler equipment with heating elements, an electric current passes through a high resistance wire (tungsten), causing it to heat up.

The heat received through the quartz sand filling and the heater body passes to the water moving inside the boiler tank, then getting to the radiators of the heating systems or to the “warm” floor coil.

Electrode boiler

For electrode boilers, everything happens a little differently. A "zero" wire is connected to its cylindrical steel body, a metal electrode with a connected "phase" is installed inward along the axis.

Inside, with the help of a pump, undistilled water from the heating is forced to move, which is a conductor with a certain electrical resistance. So when electricity is passed through this liquid, it will heat up. The degree of temperature rise depends only on the duration of exposure to the electric current and its strength.

Induction

In an induction boiler, water is heated due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Electricity is passed through a coil wrapped in wire. At the same time, a metal core is placed inside it. Around the coil there are so-called. eddy currents, heating the core array, washed, in turn, by water. Thus, the heat is absorbed by the coolant.

Electric heating for summer cottages

In winter, the dacha is used quite rarely, as a rule, several times a month. Therefore, the organization of the heating system of a country house is especially acute. Since the gas main does not pass in every summer cottage, then when designing a heating system, you need to focus on the use of electricity.

Installation of water heating with an electric boiler or installation of a "warm floor" system will be an irrational investment. In addition, every time you arrive at the dacha, you will need to pour water into the system, and drain it before the county. If this is not done, the water in the pipes will freeze and disable the heating. Heaters must meet a number of requirements.

Primary requirements:

easy to operate;
easy to install;
practical;
mobile.

Electrode

It is a container filled with water and surrounded by a dielectric casing. There are two electrodes in the water that are energized. Salt molecules begin to move, meet with water molecules, and resistance is formed. This leads to heating of the medium.

Electrode boiler

In this process, the liquid is heated when an electric current passes through it. In such a scheme, there are no intermediate links, heating elements, the transfer of energy occurs directly. In this case, the electrolysis process is not observed, since an alternating current is used. The only condition is the presence of salts in the coolant. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on such systems, specialists are needed for installation and service.

Such electronic boilers are characterized by high efficiency - 96%. They demonstrate reliability in work, durability. If there is no heating medium, the electric boiler circuit will be open.

The coolant very quickly increases pressure, temperature, so a circulation pump is not required. Natural circulation can be used with a riser height of up to 20 m. However, it must be taken into account that a pump in a heating system can increase efficiency by 20%.

It is not recommended to connect such an electric boiler with your own hands, you should contact a specialist.

ELECTRIC HEATING OF THE APARTMENT

Heating an apartment with electricity means being independent of the central steam heating, which sometimes fails. Electric heating of an apartment in terms of costs is considered one of the cheapest when it comes to the purchase and installation of equipment. But electricity tariffs are forcing many to abandon this option.

The second snag is the lack of power wiring. In fairness, it should be noted that this limitation is not so critical for new apartments.

This type of heating, albeit not cheap, is reliable and environmentally friendly. Maintenance is the most primitive, regulation and automation is simple and convenient, there are no harmful emissions. Autonomous electric heating of an apartment, of course, is expensive to use, but as an additional heating method, electricity is beyond competition.

POPULAR TYPES OF ELECTRIC HEATING OF APARTMENTS

Warm floor.
Electric underfloor heating, as an addition to the main source of heat in an apartment, is most often installed in the hallway of the house, in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Less often - on balconies, in baths. Installation of underfloor heating in an apartment is divided into several types.Firstly, it is laying in the thickness of the screed, secondly, laying on top of the screed under the tiles, and, thirdly, directly under the floor covering.

Electric radiators.

These devices are similar in design to oil systems. Inside there is also a heating element, oil, steel outer ribs. The difference is that electric radiators can be hung on the walls in the apartment. This allows you to quickly warm up the house. Another advantage is that oxygen in the apartment is not burned out.

The power of the radiators varies considerably. But models with a power from 1 to 2.5 kW are considered universal and suitable for any apartment. At the same time, you can significantly save money. It is enough to install a multi-tariff electricity meter and operate the radiator at night.

Infrared heaters.

These electrical appliances are used both as the main and as a secondary source of heat in the apartment, depending on the power. The calculation of the power is carried out on the basis that 100 watts are needed for 1m2. Infrared heaters are divided into stationary and mobile by the type of attachment.

According to the radiation source - into ceramic, tubular and carbon fiber, which are considered energy-saving. The manufacturer's declared savings are up to 40-60%, which, however, seems doubtful to many.

The advantages of electric heating include high efficiency, small dimensions, durability, ease of installation of heaters, the possibility of wall and floor installation, no need to issue additional permits for use. The disadvantages are the high cost of electricity, the need to revise the existing electrical wiring.

The materials presented on the site are for informational purposes only and cannot be used as guidelines and normative documents.

Electric boilers for heating an apartment (220v - economical): installation rules

Although electric boilers for heating an apartment (220 W is an economical option) do not require specially equipping a room for them, a few nuances will still have to be taken into account when installing them:

In a pre-selected location you need mark at what height the boiler will be attached and make grooves in the wall for laying the cable and installation of a junction box.
Install the boiler according to the instructions attached to it, hide all cables and seal the place of their wiring in the wall.
Connect the device to the electrical wiring and pipes of the heating system.

To make the electric heating of an apartment cost-effective (cost per month), electricity consumption should not exceed the limit specified in the contract.

Choosing an electric boiler for heating and hot water supply of a private house

Electrical equipment for heating is divided into types by classes, purpose, power. Depending on the type of installation, electric boilers are wall-mounted and floor-standing. The first option has a more compact size, which does not affect its performance in any way.

There are also single-phase and three-phase devices. Models with one circuit provide only heating of the coolant in the system, double-circuit boilers serve both for heating and for providing hot water. According to the heating method, boilers are induction, electrode, with heaters of the TEN type.

Important: For both heating and hot water supply, only boilers with heating elements can be used. For other types of electrical equipment, the presence of a second circuit is structurally impossible.

Therefore, in addition to an electrode or induction electric boiler, you will need a boiler or instantaneous water heater.

Induction type electric boilers

The induction boiler has the form of a metal cylinder. Due to the design features, induction boilers are quite heavy. For example, devices with a length of 40 cm can weigh between 23 and 30 kg.

The main elements of the complete set:

Dielectric alloy body;
Electrical insulating layer;
Ferromagnetic core less than 1 cm thick;
Thermal sensor;
Inlet and outlet connecting pipes.

The circulation pump, expansion tank, circuit breaker and electronic thermostat are not included in the package and are installed separately.

Devices operating by the type of electromagnetic induction are considered the most reliable and efficient.

Simplified principle of operation:

Ionic (electrode) heating boilers

Such devices heat the coolant by applying voltage through the electrodes, as a result of which the molecules are ionized and move to a conductor with a different polarity. In a single-phase network, one electrode is used in the form of a rod, the surface of a metal cylinder acts as the second, with three-phase voltage - 3 electrodes.

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The sizes of ion boilers range from very small, capable of heating only one battery, to large installations designed for a large house. Available with or without housing.

Pros:

compactness. The device takes up little space without a housing;
high-speed heating of the coolant;
low inertia, allowing very precise adjustment;
resistance to voltage drops;
a high level of safety - in the absence of a coolant in the boiler, it simply cannot work;
low price (without control unit, pump and expansion tank).

Minuses:

complete incompatibility with batteries made of steel and cast iron;
exactingness to the quality of the circulating fluid, which must have a balanced composition. It is recommended not to do it yourself, but to purchase it ready-made;
the need for a specialist to check the condition of the coolant before the new heating season;
special requirements for the ground loop;
heating temperature - no higher than 75 ° С;
the need to replace the electrodes at regular intervals.

Number 3. Heating a country house with an electric boiler

The main part of an electric boiler is a heat exchanger, a tank with heating elements. They heat the coolant (water, antifreeze, oil), which circulates through a system consisting of pipes and heating radiators - everything, as in the case of a gas or oil boiler. In addition, the system often includes an expansion vessel, a circulation pump, and a safety valve. Induction and electrode boilers work a little differently.

The advantages of this heating method are obvious: no smoke and no need to equip a chimney, quiet operation, safety, high efficiency (up to 99%), ease of operation and temperature control. Due to the high cost of electricity, such boilers are installed mainly when a country house is not used for permanent residence. In addition, do not forget about the need for good electrical wiring.

Electric boilers of the following types can be used in the heating system:

Heating elements boilers are the simplest and most popular devices. The principle of their work can be compared with a conventional electric kettle. Heating elements, of which there are usually 3-4 in the boiler, heat the coolant (water) in a flow-through mode. Depending on the required temperature, the heating elements are turned on together, one by one or in groups. Heated water circulates through the system, and circulation pumps are usually used for better pressure and circulation. The power of such boilers is from 3 to 50 kW, there are models operating from a single- and three-phase network. Advantages of heating elements boilers: compactness, low price, ease of installation. A significant drawback is the formation of scale on the heating elements, which leads to an increase in energy consumption and a gradual failure;
electrode boilers operate without heating elements.Most of them are electrodes. When current passes from one electrode to another through the liquid, the latter heats up under the influence of its own resistance. Antifreeze is used as a liquid. The power of the electrode boilers is 5-25 kW. Such devices are devoid of the main disadvantage of heating boilers - the formation of scale, they are compact, safe in case of water leakage and inexpensive. But they require mandatory water treatment, water must circulate strictly at a certain speed, and the electrodes gradually wear out, therefore, require periodic replacement;
induction boilers also do not have heating elements, and the heating of the electric carrier (water, oil, antifreeze) is carried out due to electromagnetic induction. These are the most economical boilers in operation, they almost do not form scale, durability is at a height, but the purchase costs will be considerable, and the dimensions of such boilers are decent.

In addition, all boilers are divided into single-phase (consume 220 V voltage) and three-phase (380 V): the former are suitable for small houses and summer cottages that are visited from time to time, the latter for large summer cottages. Also, boilers are divided into wall and floor boilers, into single-circuit and double-circuit (these also allow organizing hot water supply to the country house).

As for the manufacturer of the boiler, in order to ensure reliability and durability, it is not at all necessary to give preference to imported equipment - domestic products are better adapted to our operating conditions. By the way, craftsmen use an ordinary boiler in the heating system together with an electric boiler. It will cost even less, but there will be a few more problems.

Cons and difficulties of operating electric boilers

The advantages of electric boilers are attractive. But they also have disadvantages, and very significant ones.

The high cost of electricity.

Note! Costs can be reduced several times due to the thermal insulation of the apartment, the use of preferential electricity tariffs and the choice of a device with precise control.

Requirements for the type of radiators. In an electrically heated system, it is uneconomical to use cast iron and steel batteries. It is advisable to choose bimetallic or, in extreme cases, aluminum heating devices.
Complete dependence on power supply.
Demanding on the quality and composition of the coolant.
When installing equipment that consumes more than 9 kW, instead of a standard 220 V network, a three-phase 380 V network will be required. If the apartment does not have one, a special permit must be obtained for the arrangement, which is not always possible to do in old houses.

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Before deciding on the purchase and installation of an electric boiler, you need to weigh all the pros and cons, calculate the approximate electricity consumption for a month and think how tangible it will be for the budget.

ELECTRIC HEATING OF A PRIVATE HOUSE

For heating private houses, a fairly limited number of devices are used that are able to provide living spaces with the required amount of heat. Basically, heating systems such as various boilers or convectors are used.

Boilers are installed to create the main heating systems. Convectors are used more for local heating.

Electric boiler.

A familiar heating system, often used to heat not only private houses, but also apartments. It practically does not differ from gas equipment.

The main feature is only in the energy source that is used, and in the design of the boiler itself. Includes batteries, pipelines, heat carrier that transfers heat from the boiler.

This system is better suited for large areas. It cannot be called economical. The smallest boiler consumes 12 kW of energy per hour.

By equipping the equipment with controllers that ensure that the rooms are maintained at a certain temperature, you can save a certain percentage of electricity. But even in this case, the use of an electric boiler will remain unprofitable.

Electric convector.

This electric heating system works on the basis of a heating element. The convector consumes from 0.5 to 2 kW per hour. To save energy, the convector is equipped with an electronic regulation that switches off the convector from time to time. It allows you to halve energy costs.

The installation of the convector system is simple and affordable for the average person. Instead of pipes, powerful electrical wiring is being laid in the room. A separate line of electricity from the main switch is required to the dwelling.

The operation of an electric convector system is less expensive than a system with a central boiler. And in the operation of the convector, the energy consumption is not much lower than with boiler heating.

What should be an economical boiler?

Today the choice of thermal systems for space heating is colossal.

In order to choose the right electric boiler for heating an apartment, you need to familiarize yourself with its technical characteristics and focus on the one in which the most advantages are:

Usually, single-circuit boilers are more suitable as an additional heating system, since, unlike double-circuit devices, this is their only function. They may differ in their internal "content" (some models have heating elements, others have electrodes or induction coils), but their common advantage is that they are sold already fully equipped, which allows them to be mounted without the involvement of specialists.
Some double-circuit electric heating boilers for an apartment building equipped with a storage system that significantly saves energy.Another advantage of these devices is boiler operation, that is, they not only act as a heating system, but also provide unlimited access to hot water.When choosing a double-circuit boiler as the main source of heating, you should pay attention to what is inside it. It is the heating element that provides the required amount of heat. Having calculated in advance what power the device should be, you can choose the most optimal one. It also matters how fast heating occurs. As practice shows, the best for apartment heating is a boiler with an indicator of 8 l / min.

Giving preference to a domestic manufacturer, you should be prepared for additional spending and purchase of such important elements as a pump, special cable and pipework. In the models of foreign companies, all the necessary elements are immediately included in the kit.

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Installation of water heating

Before installing electric heating in an apartment building, it is necessary to develop a connection wiring diagram. In this case, piping refers to the connection of the boiler with other nodes. Drawing up a diagram, they measure the area and height of the premises. After that, they finally determine the type of system (single-circuit or double-circuit), calculate the power of the equipment and its location.

The individual electric heating circuit consists of the following elements:

Electric boiler.
Expansion tank.
Pipes and heating batteries.
Circulation pump.
Shut-off valves.
Thermal sensors.
Filters.

The advantage of electric boilers over gas boilers also lies in the possibility of installation anywhere in the apartment. If a gravity system is used, then the heating device is recommended to be installed at the lowest point of the circuit. The unit must be located away from the water supply system: this way a short circuit is excluded in case of water supply leaks.

The heater is powered by an autonomous power line. The calculation of the boiler power provides for taking into account the area of the room, the level of thermal insulation of the dwelling, the number of batteries, as well as the climatic zone in which the house is located. Apartments up to 60 m2 can be equipped with 6-7 kW appliances. The place of installation of heating radiators is traditionally the areas under the window sills, provided that they completely overlap the width of the window opening. Two batteries can be used if one is not able to cover the specified distance.

Power

The power of the boiler is its most important characteristic, which means that you need to choose it correctly. Sometimes it is tied to the footage and is calculated based on the value of 1 kW per 10 m2. This formula is only suitable for a very rough estimate.

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In fact, you need to focus on heat loss. If, for example, they are 8 kW, then you need a boiler of the same power. The calculations take into account:

area and height of the room;
the degree of insulation of walls, floors, ceilings;
the number of external walls and their location on the cardinal points;
number, dimensions and type of windows;
battery connection diagram;
region of residence and other parameters.

To correctly calculate the boiler power, it is recommended to use special calculators or consult a heating engineer.

Electric underfloor heating

Electric underfloor heating is an undoubted option for heating with electricity. There are several options for embodiment, depending on the house:

Cable underfloor heating (wood or polystyrene system);
Warm mats;
Infrared film.

All these systems have the same drawback as convectors, they warm up the room for a long time, cool down quickly. In practice, electric underfloor heating is recommended as an additional source of heating or, as it is called, a source of comfortable heating.

A striking example is an apartment. There is central heating, and in case of severe frosts or for additional comfort, we make and turn on heated floors for local purposes (bath, kitchen, nursery).

It is not possible to warm the house with electric underfloor heating alone.

Advantages and disadvantages of an autonomous boiler room

So, you are thinking about the possibility of installing your own boiler room, which would heat the entire apartment building and supply hot water to each of the apartments. What are the merits and demerits you should be aware of in order to make the right decision that will not make you regret in the future?

Heating system diagram in an apartment building

To begin with, it is worth talking about the shortcomings, since there are much fewer of them.

The high initial cost of the project is the purchase of the equipment itself, its installation and supplying communications to each of the apartments. Yes, initially, each of the apartment owners in the house will have to invest a considerable amount so that the collective of tenants can make such an expensive purchase. Many of the owners can simply refuse such a significant expense, albeit a one-time one.
The need to maintain the entire system in working position. If, when connecting to a heating plant, all the responsibilities for servicing the equipment fall on the shoulders of the specialists of the company providing the services, now, in case of any breakdown, you will have to solve the problem on your own. This means that it will be necessary to hire specialists who will regularly inspect the equipment, and if any breakdowns are detected, they will be repaired. This can cause unnecessary hassle and financial costs.

This is the main disadvantages of an autonomous boiler room. Of course, they are very significant, which is why today not every house has a mini-boiler room. But still, the number of such mini boiler houses is growing rapidly. Why? Due to the advantages of autonomous heating listed below.

Complete independence from urban monopolists in housing and communal services.Everyone knows very well that in every city there is only one company that provides heating and hot water services for residential apartment buildings. And they can almost uncontrollably increase the cost of their services. If you install your own boiler room, then the monopolists will no longer have leverage on you.
Reducing heat loss to a minimum. As practice shows, passing through many kilometers of heating mains, the coolant (hot water) loses up to 30% of the heat received (depending on the distance from the city boiler house).

Example of heat loss in an apartment building
And end consumers are also forced to pay for this heat. In autonomous heating systems, heat losses are measured in fractions of a percent. So already due to this, the payment is reduced by a third.
A boiler room that heats one house, not thousands, is easy to set up. If it gets too hot in the apartments, you can easily reduce the fuel consumption and increase it on frosty days. Thanks to this, the temperature in the premises will always be optimal, suitable for each of the inhabitants. There is no need to ventilate the premises, lowering the temperature and at the same time releasing heat into the street, for which a lot of money has been paid. But at the same time, you do not have to use additional heat sources (electric heaters) in order to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in the apartment.
To keep the boiler room of an apartment building in perfect order, it is enough to hire one dispatcher who monitors the readings of all devices, as well as one or two arriving adjusters who are involved only when breakdowns are detected. If your house is connected to a city heating main, you will have to pay for the services of not only dozens (or even hundreds) of ordinary installers, but also hundreds of accountants, directors, their deputies, secretaries, drivers and many others. This also saves a lot of money.
In most cases, heating of houses connected to the city heating plant starts from October 15th and ends by April 15th. And even if autumn and spring are unusually cold or warm for a given area, no one will change the dates of the beginning and end of the heating season.

Therefore, in the off-season, apartments are often too hot or too cold. The presence of an autonomous boiler room allows you to turn on and off the heating exactly when it is needed. Most often, such decisions are made by the council of the residents of the house. Of course, this allows not only to reduce heating costs, but also to maintain the optimal temperature in the premises, regardless of the temperature outside the walls of the house.

What conclusion can be drawn from all of the above?

An autonomous boiler room needs more attention and constant care from residents or specially hired specialists.

But it allows you to save a lot of money every month. Therefore, all the initial costs will be compensated pretty quickly, and very soon you will notice that you have free money that used to be used to pay utility bills.

No. 8. Warm floors for a country house

Underfloor heating will create the most comfortable conditions for staying in a country house. To equip an electric underfloor heating are used:

a cable that is laid in waves, stripes or zigzags in the necessary parts of the room;
infrared film, which works on the principle of infrared heaters and is easy to install. It is even used for arranging a "warm ceiling" and "warm walls".

Underfloor heating is called a more or less economical way of heating due to the presence of an automatic control system and the correct distribution of heat, but still such heating cannot be called cheap. In operation, the film floor will cost less, but the film is more expensive than electrical cables.

The main advantages of electric underfloor heating include:

ease of installation and operation;
uniform heating of the entire room;
safety;
durability;
the ability to adjust the temperature up to 0.1C;
no need to allocate space for a boiler, radiators or heaters.

If the area of a country house is large, then it is impossible to consider a warm floor as an independent source of heating.

Calculation of the power of an electric boiler for the house

Power calculation will help you choose equipment with optimal technical characteristics. If you buy a low-power boiler, it will have to work to the limit, but the rooms will still be cool. A too powerful boiler is also not needed. Firstly, it costs much more, and secondly, it will consume too much electricity. When calculating the power of electrical equipment, the average value is taken. When calculating the power of electrical equipment, the average value is taken. Heating of 1 m2 requires 100 W of thermal energy.

To simplify calculations, use the formula:

P = S * k * 100,

Where:

Р - boiler power;
S is the area of all premises;
k is a correction factor.

The heat loss coefficient is different for each region. So for the south of Russia, where the air temperature in winter does not fall below -10 C, it is 0.7. For the Northern Urals with a minimum winter temperature of up to -50 C, the coefficient will be 2. Let's calculate what boiler capacity will be optimal for a house with an area of 110 m2, which was built in the Moscow region.

110 * 1.2 * 100 = 13 200 W or 13.2 kW

In such a house, you can install an economical energy-saving boiler with a capacity of 13-14 kW. These are indicative figures calculated for a house with a ceiling height of 2.5 m, a cold attic and standard-size double-glazed windows If, in addition to heating, an electric boiler will heat water and for hot water supply, the calculated power needs to be increased by 20%.

How to save on electricity

Well, and the last thing I would like to talk about is how to make electric heating in an apartment cheap, but at the same time effective. The first thing that you must consider is that installation will not be profitable without thermostats. It is temperature controllers, especially electronic ones, that allow you to set the optimal temperature regime without overpaying for excess heat.

Another way to save money is to connect multi-tariff energy meters. We have considered the advantages and disadvantages of two-tariff meters. Once again, we note that for each region, the benefits may be different. Still, there are more positive reviews about such devices. Owners of two-tariff electricity meters recommend turning on the heaters at night so that during the day, while everyone is working, the autonomous heating is turned off. Thus, you can save up to half of the electricity consumed, which makes autonomous electric heating in an apartment not very expensive. If you decide to install such meters, be sure to analyze the tariffs for 2020 on the Internet for your city, on the basis of which you will understand whether such devices are profitable or not.

Well, the last way to reduce costs is high-quality insulation of rooms. There are confirmed results that in case of bona fide thermal insulation of housing, electric heaters with a capacity of 30-40% less than the calculated one can be used. For example, the calculation of 1 kW / 10 square meters will be reduced to 0.6 kW / square meters. and this is a significant difference.

We also recommend looking at an overview of the use of convectors for heating an apartment:

How profitable are electric convectors

That's all that I wanted to tell you about how to make your own individual heating of an apartment with electricity in an apartment building! We hope that the information was useful and interesting for you! If you have any questions on this topic, be sure to ask our specialists in the category "Question to the electrician"!

How to connect radiators without water pipes?

Application of electric radiators

How profitable are electric convectors

Electric boilers for heating an apartment (220v - economical)

Everything about electric boilers for heating an apartment (220v - economical): the rules for installing an electric individual boiler in an apartment building, what it should be, as well as the types of electrical systems.
As a rule, residents of multi-storey buildings, especially old buildings, are deprived of the privilege of choosing which type of heating to use.

For obvious reasons, water floors are prohibited (load on the heating network) and connecting them to a centralized system without the appropriate permission is fraught with large fines.

Before deciding to heat an apartment with electricity, you should carefully study the pros and cons of all types of heaters: from pumps to underfloor heating systems.

Infrared electric emitters (heaters)

These are powerful sources of scattered infrared radiation (radiant heating), which heats not the whole room, but the place mainly under this heater. Household heaters are available for floor, wall and ceiling designs.

The thermal element of such heaters is a safe heating element. The power of the emitters is from 300 to 600 W. With their help, you can heat a room from 3 to 6 meters.

These sources are used to create comfortable heating conditions, as well as to quickly warm up the room. However, they are practically not suitable for constant heating due to the high cost of the devices themselves and the cost of the electricity consumed.

Execution options

When you want to choose an electric boiler, you should take into account their varieties. They come in two versions: floor-standing and wall-mounted. Which one is more suitable? It all depends on the operating conditions. Of course, wall-mounted options are preferable, since they take up a minimum of space.

Wall mounted boiler model

However, floor-standing models are more powerful. Wall-mounted electric boilers for heating have a power of up to 60 kW, consume 220 V single-phase current. For more powerful devices, three-phase current is preferable.

Floor standing electric boiler

It should be noted that there are single- and double-circuit models. Electric boilers for two circuits allow not only to heat the room, but also to heat the water.

Modern heating systems

Heating is central, local and individual. Central is when the whole city turns on at the same time: the system of the CHPP or boiler houses starts immediately, and hot water or hot steam went through the pipes. Local - when they build separate boiler houses for a house or several houses. In this case, the inclusion of heat into the houses is much easier, it is enough to start the boiler room - and they will be heated.

Individual heating takes us back to the era when everyone heats himself. And, accordingly, bears the burden of expenses and responsibility for the comfort and health of himself and his household. Which, in fact, has never been canceled for heating a private house. Where everything is done for the house with your own hands.

According to the source of energy for heating, heating systems are divided into wood, coal, gas and electric.

There are also sunny ones, but this is in southern countries, for example, Turkey, where there is a water tank or solar collector on the roof, heated by the sun, and a whole system of modern automation diverts the heated water for heating the premises.

solar collector

There is also heating by thermal waters from underground in places of volcanic activity (Reykjavik, Iceland). Very good and cheap. But…

Geothermal Power Plant, Iceland

In any case, regardless of the fuel, the room is heated by a certain working fluid.This is the substance or that environment, from contact with which the room receives heat. On this basis, heating systems are stove (smoke and gas from combustion), water, steam and electric.

The working fluid is just warmed up in the room, where by various physical or chemical phenomena the energy of the fuel is transferred to it for heating. After that, the system is faced with the task of delivering the heat transferred to the working fluid to the room that needs heating. Moreover, a separate important task here is the quality of this transmission with a decrease in losses from "heating the street". As you know, the centralized heating system suffered from this problem: many kilometers of heating mains were very often bare in places and not only lost energy, but often hot water gushed with fountains, which froze, as they moved away "into nature and winter," beautiful, but useless ice stalagmites, and in some places even stalactites.

Breakthrough on the heating main

The advantages of electric boilers

Energy efficiency and high efficiency.
Ease of use. Lightweight and compact, easy to maintain.
Environmental friendliness. They do not create noise and do not pollute the atmosphere with combustion products.

The disadvantage is complete dependence on electricity. In the event of a power outage, the boilers do not work.

Electric water boilers are expensive and complex equipment. Do not forget that the higher the power of such heaters, the better the wiring should be in the room where they are installed. We recommend that you entrust the installation and connection of boilers to our specialists.

Rules for the device of electric heating in a private house

The device of a heating system for a private house requires adherence to pipe laying diagrams, connecting a boiler, a pump and other elements of the system. In order for the equipment to work correctly, without failures and leaks, a heating project is needed.

The presence of detailed drawings and diagrams minimizes the possibility of installation errors, allows you to correctly determine the boiler power, and choose the right components. The design documentation also includes the creation of estimates. This approach eliminates overspending of materials and allows you to keep within the budget.

Recommendations for the installation of hot water heating using an electric boiler:

Installation of equipment should only be carried out in a warm room. Installation and start-up of the system is carried out at temperatures above +5 C.
If, according to the project, the wiring goes along the outside of the wall, then the height between the pipe and the floor should be at least 15 cm.
The expansion tank and circulation pump are indispensable elements of the system.

Selection recommendations

Electric boilers should not be chosen by their appearance, since their main purpose is not this. Almost all modern models have an attractive look, so you have to focus on technical capabilities, possibly size.

Note: It is important to consider when choosing the method of connecting to the network, the internal structure and the ability to adjust the power.

It is necessary to determine the functions that the electric boiler must perform for heating.

Electric boiler piping

The connection of the boiler to the network can be one- or three-phase. Obviously, powerful heating systems can only be three-phase. The connection method is chosen, taking into account the existing conditions in the house where the equipment will be used.

Electronic boilers do not need to be retrofitted, therefore they are an affordable option.

Power regulation can be smooth or stepwise. The devices can be equipped with independent heating elements. Energy consumption or temperature level control is provided by turning off or turning on some of them.

An electric boiler for home heating has three heating elements.Two of them provide a quarter of the maximum power, one - half. The step control circuit provides adjustment in steps of 25%. The possibility of a smoother power change can be provided by a thermostat or valve. For this, the design must have a rheostat. Often, low-power electric boilers do not have the ability to regulate power.

At the same time, one must not forget that for effective heating, the power must be with a margin.

Many manufacturers try to complete the equipment as much as possible, supplementing the main elements with an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors and other components for the most efficient operation of the system.

Recommendations for choosing an electric boiler

When choosing an electric boiler, you should not focus on compactness. And although this indicator can be important for a home, such equipment will cost more, and moreover, it has a reduced service life. You can choose, for example, a wall-mounted version. It doesn't take up much space. And in order to also save money during operation, you can purchase a wall-mounted boiler with a chronothermostat.